A field of study that studies cuneiform writing and the culture and history of the peoples who used it. Its main focus is the deciphering and philological study of nearly 400,000 cuneiform clay tablets and other writings found in the Near East, and also conducts archaeological research. The peoples who used cuneiform writing include the Sumerians, Akkadians (Babylonians), Assyrians, Elamites, Hurrians, Hittites, Urartians, and Ugaritians. Its research areas include the politics, society, economy, religion, art, literature, and history of these peoples. In 1857, the Royal Asiatic Society of England had four scholars translate Assyrian inscriptions separately, and when the results matched, Assyriology was officially born. The name Assyriology comes from the fact that Assyrian ruins and the Assyrian language were the first to be discovered during early excavations. [Mamoru Yoshikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
楔形(くさびがた)文字、およびこれを使用した民族の文化と歴史を研究する学問。オリエント地方で発見された40万個近い楔形文字粘土板その他の解読とその文献学的研究を中心課題とし、考古学的研究も行う。楔形文字を使用した民族にはシュメール人、アッカド人(バビロニア人)、アッシリア人、エラム人、フルリ人、ヒッタイト人、ウラルトゥ人、ウガリト人などがある。それらの政治、社会、経済、宗教、美術、文学などと歴史を研究領域としている。1857年にイギリスの王室アジア協会が4人の学者にアッシリア語碑文を別個に翻訳させ、その結果が一致したのを確認し、アッシリア学が公式に誕生した。広範な学問領域がアッシリア学の名でよばれるのは、初期の発掘で知られたのがアッシリアの遺跡とアッシリア語であったことに由来している。 [吉川 守] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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