Kish (English spelling)

Japanese: Kīsh（英語表記）Kish

...After the Abbasid Caliphate declined in the 10th century and the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt developed, the Red Sea route replaced the Persian Gulf route as the main East-West route until the 15th century. However, the Persian Gulf route did not fall into disuse, and the two major trading ports near the mouth of the gulf, Kish (before the 11th to 14th centuries) and Hurmuz (after the early 14th century), prospered as points of contact with the inland trade routes of the Mongol Empire and the Ottoman Empire, and also by monopolizing the export of Persian and Arabian horses to India, which had rapidly increased since the 11th century due to changes in the form of warfare. During this period, Arab and Persian settlements developed along the coast of East Africa, and the Islamization of India and Southeast Asia progressed, further expanding and diversifying the Islamic world around the Indian Ocean.

From the Persian Gulf

...The main port of trade in the Persian Gulf at that time was Siraf (now Taheri) on the south coast of Iran. During the late Buyid dynasty, the island of Kish, home to the Arab chieftain Caesar family, prospered from the early 11th century to the early 13th century, taking advantage of its advantageous location as it controlled the entrance to the Strait of Hormuz. However, when the Mongol Ilkhanate was established in Iran, prosperity shifted to the coastal port of Hormuz (now Minab), which was visited by such peoples as Odrik and Marco Polo, and its name became known throughout medieval Europe.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kish" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…10世紀にアッバース朝が衰退し，エジプトのファーティマ朝が発展して以来15世紀まで，ペルシア湾ルートに代わって紅海ルートが東西の幹線ルートになったといわれる。しかし，ペルシア湾ルートがすたれたわけではなく，湾口に近いキーシュKīsh(11～14世紀前)，ホルムズHurmuz(14世紀初頭以後)の二大貿易港が，モンゴル帝国，オスマン･トルコ帝国の内陸貿易ルートとの接点として，また11世紀以来戦闘形態の変化により急増したペルシア馬，アラブ馬のインドへの輸出を独占して繁栄した。この時期に東アフリカ沿岸のアラブ，ペルシア人の居留地が発展し，インドや東南アジアのイスラム化が進展するなど，インド洋周辺でのイスラム世界の拡大と多様化がさらに進んだ。…

【ペルシア湾】より

…当時のペルシア湾貿易の中心の港はイラン南岸のシーラーフSīrāf(現，ターヘリー)であった。　ブワイフ朝後期になると，シーラーフに代わって11世紀前半より13世紀前半までアラブの族長カイサル家の拠るキーシュKīsh島がホルムズ海峡の出入口を扼する地の利を生かして栄えた。しかし，イランにモンゴル族のイル･ハーン国が成立すると，沿岸部のホルムズHormuz(現，ミナーブ)に繁栄が移り，この港にはオドリク，マルコ･ポーロなどが訪れ，その名はあまねく中世のヨーロッパにも知れわたった。…

※「Kīsh」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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