American novelist. Born in Glen Cove, New York. His family lineage can be traced back to William Pynchon, a colonist in the western Massachusetts hills. He enrolled at Cornell University's Department of Engineering Physics at the age of 16. He joined the Navy midway through, but returned to school and enrolled in the English department, where he began writing. He worked for Boeing in Seattle for a time, but his whereabouts after moving to Mexico are unknown. He is a reclusive author who never appears in public, and has never published a photograph of his face. He released a succession of ambitious masterpieces, such as "V" (1963), "The Cry of Lot 49" (1966), and "Gravity's Rainbow" (1973), and established himself as one of the most important contemporary American writers, but he went quiet after that. He reappeared as a mature humorous satire writer with "Vineland" (1990), and made us realize the scale of Pynchon's literature with "Mason & Dixon" (1997). Early on, he was known as a writer of black humor along with Heller and Vonnegut, as a writer who depicted the end of the world from an entropic worldview, and was also discussed along with Barth and Barthelme as a leader of anti-realism. However, after Gravity's Rainbow, as the full scope of his encyclopedic knowledge and the magnitude of the themes that take on historical reality became recognized, he came to be compared to Joyce and Melville. The knowledge he puts into his works ranges from thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, calculus, statistics, information theory, engineering, chemistry, biology, pharmacology, psychology, psychoanalysis, the occult/parapsychology, cultural anthropology, religious studies, political sociology, historical philosophy, linguistic philosophy, to ancient mythology, film history, music history, and popular culture. These mixed concepts and images are linked metaphorically to imprint in the reader's mind the destructive structure of Western civilization. Vineland, which traverses California in the 1960s and 1980s, and Mason & Dixon, set during the founding of the country 200 years ago, offer more methodical narrative explorations of the depths of American civilization. [Yoshiaki Sato] "The Cry of Auction Number 49" translated by Masao Shimura (1992, Chikuma Shobo) " The Slow Learner" translated by Masao Shimura (1988, Chikuma Shobo) "Vineland" translated by Yoshiaki Sato (1998, Shinchosha) [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの小説家。ニューヨーク州グレン・コーブ生まれ。家系はマサチューセッツ西部丘陵地帯の植民者ウィリアム・ピンチョンにさかのぼる名門。コーネル大学物理工学科に16歳で入学。途中海軍に入隊したが、復学して英文科に在籍し創作を始める。一時シアトルのボーイング社に勤務するが、その後メキシコに渡ってからの足どりは不明。公の場に現れず、顔写真も公表していない隠遁(いんとん)作家である。 『V.(ブイ)』(1963)、『競売ナンバー49の叫び』(1966)、『重力の虹(にじ)』(1973)と、大作・野心作を次々と発表し、現代アメリカの最重要作家の一人との評価を固めながら以後完默。『ヴァインランド』(1990)で熟成したユーモア=サタイア作家として再登場し、『メイソン&ディクソン』(1997)でピンチョン文学のスケールの大きさを認識させた。 早くは、エントロピー的世界観から終末を描く作家として、ヘラー、ボネガットとともにブラック・ユーモア作家とよばれ、また反リアリズムの旗手としてバース、バーセルミらとともに論じられもしたが、『重力の虹』以降その百科全書的知の全貌(ぜんぼう)と歴史の現実を引き受けるテーマの大きさが認識されるに及んで、ジョイスやメルビルとも比肩されるに至った。 彼の作品に投入される「知」は、熱力学、量子力学、微積分学、統計学、情報理論、工学、化学、生物学、薬学、心理学、精神分析学、オカルト=超心理学、文化人類学、宗教学、政治社会学、歴史哲学、言語哲学から、古代神話、映画史、音楽史、大衆文化に及ぶ。それら混然とした概念とイメージは、隠喩(いんゆ)的に結ばれ合って、読者の心に西洋文明の破壊的構造を刻んでいく。 1960年代と80年代のカリフォルニアを横断する『ヴァインランド』と200年前の建国期を舞台にした『メイソン&ディクソン』では、より秩序づけられた語りによってアメリカ文明の深層が探求されている。 [佐藤良明] 『志村正雄訳『競売ナンバー49の叫び』(1992・筑摩書房)』▽『志村正雄訳『スロー・ラーナー』(1988・筑摩書房)』▽『佐藤良明訳『ヴァインランド』(1998・新潮社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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