Family workers - Kazokujugyosha

Japanese: 家族従業者 - かぞくじゅうぎょうしゃ
Family workers - Kazokujugyosha

This refers to family members of self-employed people such as farmers or merchants and manufacturers who work in the family business. Family workers are treated as employed persons in government statistics, but they also include potential unemployed people waiting for other employment opportunities. The income per family worker is much lower than the wage per worker in small and medium-sized enterprises. Before World War II, self-employed people and family workers made up a large proportion of employed persons in Japan, but the rapid disintegration of the farming class during the period of high economic growth after the war caused the total number of family workers to drop sharply.

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications' Labor Force Survey, the number of family workers in all industries was 10.61 million in 1960, but in the 10 years leading up to 1970 it fell by more than 2 million to 8.05 million. During this same period, the number of family workers in non-agricultural and forestry industries increased from 3.38 million to 3.54 million, with the decline occurring mainly in agriculture and forestry. After 1980, as the business environment surrounding urban merchants and industrialists became tougher, the number of family workers in non-agricultural and forestry industries also began to gradually decline (3.54 million in 1980, 3.3 million in 1990, 2.4 million in 1998), and the number of family workers in all industries has continued to decline, from 6.03 million in 1980 to 5.17 million in 1990, 3.4 million in 2000, and 2.02 million in 2009. However, the proportion of family members among employed persons is still high in Japan (3.9%) compared to the United States (0.1%), the UK (0.3%), and Germany (1.0%) (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, "Summary of Labor Statistics for 2008").

[Goga Kazumichi]

[References] | Family work | Potential unemployment | Labor statistics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

農家や商工業などの自営業主の家族で、自分の家族が営む事業に従事している者をいう。家族従業者は政府統計上は就業者として扱われているが、そのなかには、ほかに雇用機会を求めて待機しているような潜在失業者も含まれている。家族従業者1人当りの所得は中小企業労働者1人当りの賃金よりもはるかに低い。第二次世界大戦前から日本では就業者に占める自営業者や家族従業者の比重が大きかったが、戦後の高度成長過程で農民層分解が急速に進んだため家族従業者総数は急減した。

 総務省「労働力調査」によれば、1960年(昭和35)に全産業で1061万人いた家族従業者は、1970年までの10年間に805万人へと200万人以上減少した。この間、非農林業の家族従業者は338万人から354万人へと増加しており、先の減少はもっぱら農林業で生じたものである。1980年以降は、都市商工業者を取り巻く経営環境が厳しくなるにつれて非農林業の家族従業者も徐々に減少し始めたため(1980年354万人、1990年330万人、1998年240万人)、全産業の家族従業者も1980年603万人、1990年(平成2)517万人、2000年340万人、2009年202万人と減り続けている。しかし、就業者のなかに占める家族従事者の比率は、アメリカ(0.1%)、イギリス(0.3%)、ドイツ(1.0%)と比べ日本(3.9%)は依然として大きい(厚生労働省『平成20年度労働統計要覧』)。

[伍賀一道]

[参照項目] | 家族労働 | 潜在的失業 | 労働統計

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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