Koshi Revolution - Koshi Revolution

Japanese: 甲子革命 - かっしかくめい

...A national event to change the era name (gengo). The use of era names in Japan began in 645 with the Taika era, but there were intermittent periods after that, and they were used continuously from the Taiho and Keiun eras in the early 8th century onwards, and it is thought that the era name change ceremony was institutionalised around this time. There are roughly four reasons for changing the era name: (1) a new era name due to a new era name, (2) an auspicious era name, (3) a new era name due to a disaster, and (4) a new era name due to a revolution. (1) is used when the throne is replaced by a new emperor due to his death or abdication, and is also called an enthronement era name....

From [Zodiac]

…Among these, some were developed uniquely in Japan, and some are still believed in today, as they are used in calendar notes and other documents. (1) The Xinyou Revolution and the Jiazi Revolution These are prophecies found in the Chinese Book of Wei. They were more believed in Japan than in China, and a new era was established in this year. …

From the [Calendar System]

…A method of counting years from a certain past year, with the first year of the era being set based on religious, military, or political events. The Jinmu Era, used in Japan during World War II, was set based on an article in the Nihon Shoki, which states that Emperor Jimmu unified the country and ascended to the throne at Kashihara Palace, and can be considered a political calendar. The Shakya Era, once used in India and still used in parts of Southeast Asia, was set based on a military event, when the Shakya king conquered the Indus region, and counts 78 AD as its first year. …

From [Era name]

…Generally, it is called the era name. It is a calendar system that spread throughout the East Asian Chinese character culture, centered on China, and began during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
[Beginning of use of the era name]
In Japan, this year was first designated as the first year of the Taika era in 645 (the 4th year of Kogyoku), shortly after Emperor Kokutoku ascended to the throne following the defeat of the Soga clan. It is known that there was an era name called Hokko before the Taika era, as seen in the inscription on the halo of the Shaka Triad in the Golden Hall of Horyu-ji Temple and in an inscription at Dogo Onsen in a lost document of the Iyo no Kuni Fudoki, but there is no evidence that this was officially designated, and it should be considered an anomaly or, in a broader sense, a private era name.

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Koshi Revolution" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…年号(元号)を改定する国家行事。日本における年号の使用は645年の大化に始まるが，その後断続があり，継続的に使用されるのは8世紀初頭の大宝，慶雲以降であって，改元行事もこのころから制度化したと考えられる。改元の理由にはおおよそ(1)代始（だいはじめ）改元，(2)祥瑞（しようずい）改元，(3)災異改元，(4)革命改元の4種がある。(1)は天皇の死もしくは譲位によって帝位の交代が行われた際のもので，即位改元ともいう。…

【干支】より

…そのうち日本で独自に発達したものや，暦注などに使われて今なお信じられているもののいくつかを紹介してみよう。　(1)辛酉（しんゆう）革命，甲子革命　中国の緯書（いしよ）にみえる予言説。中国よりも日本で信じられ，この年になると改元が行われた。…

【紀年法】より

…過去のある年を起点として年を通算する方法で，起点となる紀元元年は宗教的，軍事的，政治的事件に基づいて設定される。第2次世界大戦中に日本で使用された神武紀元は，神武天皇が国内を統一し橿原宮で即位したという《日本書紀》の記事によって設定されたもので，政治的紀年法といえよう。かつてインドで行われ，現在も東南アジアの一部で行われるシャカ紀元は，シャカ族の王がインダス地方を征服したという軍事的事件に基づいて設定されたもので，西暦78年をその第1年とする。…

【元号】より

…一般には年号と呼ばれる。中国を中心とする東洋の漢字文化圏に広まった紀年法で，前漢の武帝のときに始まる。
［元号使用の始まり］
　日本では645年(皇極4)蘇我氏の討滅を機に孝徳天皇が即位してまもなく，この年を大化元年と定めたのが最初である。大化以前において法隆寺金堂の釈迦三尊像の光背の銘や《伊予国風土記》逸文の道後温泉の碑文などによって法興という年号のあったことが知られるが，これは公式に定められたという徴証がなく，逸年号もしくは広い意味で私年号というべきであろう。…

※「甲子革命」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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