Crushed peasant - crushed peasant

Japanese: 潰百姓 - つぶれびゃくしょう

In the Edo period, this term refers to peasants who went bankrupt. They were also written as bald peasants. The number of bankrupt peasants increased due to failure to pay taxes, accumulated debts, illness, injury, disasters, poor harvests, etc. The land of bankrupt peasants was applied for to be returned to the lord, and if the request was approved, it became expropriated land (not confiscated land, etc.). The expropriated land was either cultivated by relatives or the entire village was made into a common land (village common land) and paid taxes and duties, but in many cases it was abandoned and the land became surplus land. From the mid-Edo period onwards, the number of such surplus land increased, and expropriated peasants left the villages and fled to cities as homeless people, which became a security problem.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代，破産した百姓をいう。禿百姓とも記す。年貢(ねんぐ)の未進や負債の累積，あるいは疾病や怪我などにより，また災害・凶作などが潰百姓の増大を招いた。破産百姓の跡地は領主に戻すことを出願してこれが認められれば，上げ田地とされた（没収地などとは異なる）。上げ田地の耕作は親類縁者が引き受けるか，村中の惣(そう)作地（村惣作）として年貢諸役を負担したが，耕作を放棄されて手余(てあまり)地になる場合も多かった。江戸時代中期以降はこうした手余地が増加し，また潰百姓が離村して無宿者などとして都市に流入，治安上の問題ともなった。

出典　株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて　情報

<<: Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (English spelling)

>>: Headlight - Tsumuri no Hikaru