A vehicle that uses a gas turbine as a power source to carry passengers and cargo. Gas turbines are characterized by their small size and light weight, and their large output. Compared to diesel engines, the weight per horsepower is about one-tenth that of diesel engines. In the 1960s, attempts to install gas turbines in distributed power vehicles and increase train speeds became active in various countries. Running tests were conducted in the United States in 1966 and in France the following year. In Japan, research began in 1967, and the Kiha 391 gas turbine railcar was manufactured by the Japanese National Railways (now JR) in 1972. However, gas turbines have drawbacks such as high fuel consumption, complex reduction gears due to high speed rotation, low efficiency under light load conditions, and the need for soundproofing and sound-proofing structures due to the high noise level, and they have not yet reached the point of being commercially operated in Japan. [Masahisa Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動力源としてガスタービンを使用して、乗客・貨物を積載して走る車両。ガスタービンの特長は、小型・軽量で大出力を得られ、ディーゼルエンジンと比較して、馬力当り重量は約10分の1程度であることから、1960年代に入って、動力分散方式の車両に取り付け、列車の高速化を図ろうとの試みが各国で活発になった。66年にはアメリカ、翌67年にはフランスで走行試験が行われている。日本では、67年(昭和42)から研究が進められ、72年に国鉄(現JR)のキハ391形ガスタービン動車が製造された。しかしガスタービンは、燃料消費量が大きいこと、高速回転のため減速装置が複雑になること、軽負荷状態では効率が低いこと、騒音が大きいので消音装置・遮音構造が必要であることなどの欠点があり、国内では営業運転されるところまで至らなかった。 [渡辺正久] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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