...The ecumenism (world church) movement in the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council is a search for a solution to this situation. Relativism can also be found in political ideologies, but one aspect that stands out today is cultural relativism. It is characterized by the abandonment of the attitude of setting absolute standards between one cultural sphere and another, including the above-mentioned religions and ethical values, and discussing their superiority or inferiority. Current cultural anthropology, comparative cultural studies, ethnomusicology, etc. basically take this position. ... From [Culture]...The development and evolution of culture on Earth since the Paleolithic period is an undeniable fact. Cultural relativismThis arose as a criticism of classical cultural evolutionism, and is a view that asserts that every culture has developed independently, and that it is wrong to judge the superiority or inferiority of other cultures from a particular standpoint (such as European culture). Many contemporary cultural (social) anthropologists support this position. *Some explanations of terms that refer to "cultural relativism" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…カトリックにおける第2バチカン公会議以降のエキュメニズム(世界教会)運動は,このような状況に対する解答の模索である。 相対主義は,政治的イデオロギーの場面でもありうるが,今日目だつ一つの局面は,文化相対主義cultural relativismである。上述の宗教や倫理的価値も含めて,一つの文化圏と他の文化圏の間に,絶対的尺度を設けてその優劣を論じようとする態度を捨てるのがその特徴であり,現在の文化人類学や比較文化論,民族音楽学などは基本的にはこの立場をとる。… 【文化】より…地球上における旧石器時代以来の文化の発達,進化そのものは否定しえない事実であるからである。 文化相対主義cultural relativismこれはとくに古典的な文化進化主義への批判の一つとしておこったもので,どんな文化もそれぞれ独自の発展をとげてきたものであり,このような文化に対して特定の立場(たとえばヨーロッパ文化)から他文化の〈優劣〉を決めることは正しくないと主張する考え方である。現代の文化(社会)人類学者の多くはこの立場を支持する。… ※「cultural relativism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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