A liquid or solid fragmented material released into the air by a volcanic eruption that solidifies after falling to the ground. It is a type of pyroclastic material. It can be a direct eruption of underground magma or fragments of existing rocks, and an explosion that only releases the latter is called a phreatic explosion. Depending on the size of the particles, it can be broadly classified as volcanic boulders (cinders), volcanic lapilli, and volcanic ash. Large particles fall near the crater in a parabolic arc, but finer particles are blown high into the air and carried by the wind to fall farther away. Fine volcanic ash can be blown up into the stratosphere and circle the Earth several times. [Akira Suwa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火山爆発で空中に放出された液体ないし固体の破片状物質で、地上に落下後はすべて固化する。火山砕屑物(さいせつぶつ)の一種である。地下のマグマが直接に噴出したものと、既存の岩石の破片とがあり、後者だけを出す爆発を水蒸気爆発とよぶ。粒の大小で、火山岩塊(噴石)、火山礫(れき)、火山灰に大別される。大粒のものは放物線を描いて火口付近に落下するが、細粒のものほど高空に吹き上げられ、風に運ばれて遠方に降下する。微細な火山灰は成層圏までも吹き上げられ、地球を幾周も回る。 [諏訪 彰] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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