A general term for insects in the family Galloamniidae of the order Galloamniidae in the class Insecta, or one of these insects. Formerly known as false crickets, Galloamniidae are wingless, flat, slender insects that are yellowish brown or brown in color and have fine golden hairs on their body surface. They are 17 to 22 millimeters long. They have biting mouthparts and relatively long antennae. Their compound eyes tend to degenerate, and some lack eyes altogether. All of their legs are walking legs, with no jumping legs. They have five tarsals. They have a long, multi-segmented caudal horn at the end of their abdomen, and females have a sword-shaped ovipositor. Their body color in the larval stage is milky white. When they mature, each tarsal segment has a pair of appendages. They mainly live in forests at an altitude of 1,200 meters, but can also be found on flat land and in caves. They are subterranean, but often hide under large stones. They are agile and dislike light. They also prefer damp places and dislike high temperatures. They are carnivorous. They are found almost all over Japan except for areas south of Tanegashima, and five species have been described. Four species are known from the Korean Peninsula to Siberia, and they are also found in the northern half of the Rocky Mountains in North America, where about ten species have been described. In Japan, they are found on Honshu. The representative species is Galloisiana nipponensis . The Japanese name and genus name, Gallois, are the name of a French diplomat who was named in commemoration of the first discovery of this insect in Japan at Chuzenji Temple in Nikko. [Yamazaki Egane] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昆虫綱ガロアムシ目ガロアムシ科の昆虫の総称、またはそのうちの1種。かつてはコオロギモドキともよばれた。ガロアムシ類は、いずれも黄褐色ないし褐色で、体表に金色の細毛を備えた、無翅(むし)で、扁平(へんぺい)細長の昆虫である。体長17~22ミリメートル。かむ型の口器をもち、触角は比較的長い。複眼は退化傾向にあり、まったく目を欠くものもある。肢(あし)はいずれも歩行肢(ほこうし)で、跳躍肢をもたない。跗節(ふせつ)は5節。腹端には多節の長い尾角をもち、雌では剣状の産卵管をもつ。幼虫期の体色は乳白色。成熟すると跗節の各節に1対の付属片を備えるようになる。主として標高1200メートルの森林中にすむが、平地にもおり、また洞窟(どうくつ)内にもみられる。地中性であるが、大きな石下に潜んでいることも多い。行動は敏捷(びんしょう)で、光を嫌う。また、湿気のある所を好み、高温も嫌う。肉食性である。種子島(たねがしま)以南を除くほぼ日本全土に分布し、5種が記載されている。また、この類は朝鮮半島からシベリアにかけて4種が知られ、北アメリカのロッキー山脈の北半にも分布し、約10種が記載されている。日本では本州に分布する。ガロアムシGalloisiana nipponensisが代表種。和名および属名などにつけられているガロアは、フランス人の外交官の名で、日本で初めてこの昆虫を日光の中禅寺(ちゅうぜんじ)で発見したのを記念し、名づけられたものである。 [山崎柄根] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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