This is an Indian Buddhist treatise. Only the Chinese translation by the Western monk Kumarajiva, who traveled to China in 401 AD, survives. The author is Harivarman. The date of its creation is unknown, but it was probably created in India in the late 4th century and brought to China by Kumarajiva soon after, but it was not successful in India and disappeared. Its contents cover the entire Buddhist doctrine, but it is particularly notable for rejecting the fundamental position of the Sarvastivada school, "the idea of the existence of dharma," and arguing that dharma is empty and has no real existence, and for opposing the Sarvastivada school's "theory of the correspondence of mind and mental factors" (theory that distinguishes the mind into the substance of the mind and each psychological phenomenon), and for arguing for the mind as a single entity. It also cites theories of Indian philosophy other than Buddhism, such as the Vaisheshika school. This book was probably written by someone who made a fairly advanced theory in the Sutra School of Hinayana Buddhism. In China, until the translation of the Abhidharma-Lan (Kusharon), it was considered the representative of Buddhist doctrine and was actively studied, forming the Jojitsu sect. The Jojitsu sect was also introduced to Japan, and was counted as one of the Nara Six Schools during the Nara period. [Kato Junsho] "Fukuhara Ryogen, 'Academic Criticism of Various Buddhist Schools: A Study of the Theory of True Buddhism' (1969, Nagata Bunshodo)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドの仏教論書。西暦401年に中国に渡った西域(せいいき)僧鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)が将来し翻訳した漢訳しか現存しない。作者は訶梨跋摩(かりばつま)(ハリバルマンHarivarman)。成立年代は不明だが、おそらく4世紀後半インドでつくられ、まもなく羅什によって中国にもたらされたが、インドでは成功をみず消滅してしまったのであろう。その内容は仏教教理全体にわたるが、とくに説一切有部(せついっさいうぶ)の基本的立場である「法の実有(じつう)思想」を排して、法が空にして実有でないこと、および有部の唱える「心・心所相応説」(心を心の本体と各心理現象に区別する説)に反対して、心を一つのまとまりとしてとらえることを主張した点に特徴がある。またバイシェーシカ学派(勝論(かつろん)派)など、仏教以外のインド哲学の学説も引用されている。本書はおそらく部派仏教(小乗仏教)中の経量(きょうりょう)部のうちでもかなり進歩した説をなす人物の手になるものであろう。中国では『倶舎論(くしゃろん)』翻訳までは、仏教教理綱要書の代表とみなされ盛んに研究され、成実宗を形成した。成実宗は日本にも伝わり、奈良時代には南都六宗の一つに数えられた。 [加藤純章] 『福原亮厳著『仏教諸派の学術批判・成実論の研究』(1969・永田文昌堂)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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