Born: October 2, 1832, London
[Died] January 2, 1917, Wellington. British cultural anthropologist. Born into a Quaker family, he graduated from a denominational school in Tottenham. In 1883 he worked at the Oxford University Museum. In 1884 he became a lecturer at the same university, and in 1896 he became the first professor of anthropology at Oxford. After traveling to the United States and Mexico, he studied the development of human culture from an empirical standpoint, and published theories based on comparative cultural surveys, including the theory of animism as a result of cultural survival (→ evolutionary anthropology). Tylor's definitions of "culture," "language," and "religion" remain the foundations of anthropology to this day. He was a member of the British Academy. He was knighted in 1912. His major works include Anahuac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans Ancient and Modern (1861), Primitive Culture (71), and Anthropology: An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization (81). Tyler
Tyler, John Born March 29, 1790 in Charles City, Virginia.
[Died] January 18, 1862. Richmond, Virginia. American politician. Tenth president (in office 1841-45). After a successful career as a lawyer, he served as a member of the Virginia State Assembly (11-16, 23-25, 39), a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (17-21), Governor of Virginia (25-27), and a member of the U.S. Senate (27-36). After breaking with A. Jackson over the Democratic platform, he joined the Whig Party, and was elected vice president to W. Harrison in 1840. After Harrison's death on April 4 the following year, he became the first person in history to be promoted from vice president to president. After taking office, he left both the Democratic and Whig parties and took his own position. Notable events during his term were the annexation of Texas (45) and the reorganization of the navy. Although he was a strong advocate of states' rights, he tried to achieve compromise between the North and the South just before the Civil War, and when that failed, he advocated Virginia's secession from the Union. He was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives but died before Congress could begin its session. Tyler
Tyler, Royall Born: July 18, 1757, Boston
[Died] August 26, 1826. Brattleboro, Vermont. American lawyer, playwright, and novelist. He studied at Harvard University, became a lawyer, and served as Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court (1807-13) and as a professor at the University of Vermont (11-14). He was also active in writing, and published the first comedy written by an American, The Contrast (1787), which was a success. This satire portrayed the differences in manners and customs between Britain and America, and was notable for being the first to portray the Yankee temperament on stage. His other works include the novel The Algerine Captive (97) and a collection of fictional letters, Yankey in London (1809). Tyler
Tyler, Moses Coit Born: August 2, 1835, Griswold, Connecticut
[Died] December 28, 1900. Ithaca, New York. American historian. Pioneer in the study of intellectual and cultural history. In 1867 he became professor of English literature at the University of Michigan, and in 1881 became the first professor of American history at Cornell University. He founded the American Historical Association (1884). His major works include A History of American Literature During the Colonial Time (78) and The Literary History of the American Revolution, 1763-1783 (2 volumes, 97). Tyler
Tyler, Wat (Walter) [raw]?
Died: June 15, 1381, London
Leader of the English Peasant Revolt of 1381. He led the Kentish peasants in an uprising on June 7 against the poll tax and calling for the abolition of feudal oppression. Peasants from Essex and East Anglia also joined, and the revolt grew into a major force. On June 10, he attacked Canterbury, then approached London, and on June 14, he met with King Richard II at Mile End, where he presented his demands and received a promise of concessions. However, on the following day, the 15th, when he met with the king again at Smithfield with an even more radical platform, he was killed by the mayor of London, W. Walworth, in a plot by the king's side, and the revolt was quickly put down. Tyler
Theiler, Max Born January 30, 1899 in Pretoria
[Died] August 11, 1972. Born in New Haven. American microbiologist. Son of Sir A. Tyler (1867-1936), who made outstanding achievements in veterinary medicine and tropical diseases, including rinderpest and African horse sickness. After receiving his medical education at St. Thomas' Hospital and the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in London, he moved to the United States and lectured at Harvard University from 1922 to 1930. In 1930, he became director of research at the Rockefeller Foundation and director of the Rockefeller Foundation's laboratories. In 1951, he became director of medicine at the institute and director of public health. He studied infectious diseases, particularly yellow fever, and developed a yellow fever vaccine. For his achievements, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951. Tyler
Tyler A city in northeastern Texas, USA. It is located about 140 km east-southeast of Dallas. Its name comes from American President J. Tyler. It was once the center of an agricultural region, but after the discovery of the East Texas oil fields in 1930, many oil companies moved in and the population rapidly increased. Agriculture produces cotton, corn, flowers, and more, with roses being particularly abundant. Oil refining and light industry have developed. It is home to the private University of Texas, Tyler State Park, and the city rose garden. The Tyler Rose Festival in October and the East Texas Exposition in September are famous. Population 75,450 (1990). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
