He was a direct disciple of Jesus and is counted as one of the twelve apostles. According to the Gospel of Matthew, Matthew was a tax collector who was called by Jesus while sitting at the tax booth, and he immediately became his disciple. However, the Gospels of Mark and Luke describe a similar scene of calling Levi (son of Alphaeus). From this, it has long been debated whether Matthew and Levi are the same person, but in the end, no conclusive evidence has been found to identify them. In addition, the ancient church historian Eusebius records an old tradition that the apostle Matthew wrote the gospel in Hebrew, but in recent years, the theory that distinguishes between the apostle Matthew and the evangelist Matthew has become more popular. However, it cannot be said that the two were completely unrelated, and there are still problems that remain. There are also various traditions surrounding Matthew's evangelism and martyrdom, but the historical facts underlying them remain unclear. [Hiroshi Tsuchiya] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イエスの直弟子で、いわゆる十二使徒の1人に数えられている。「マタイ伝福音書(ふくいんしょ)」によれば、このマタイは取税人で、収税所に座っているときにイエスから呼びかけられ、ただちに彼の弟子になった。ところが、「マルコ伝福音書」と「ルカ伝福音書」は、(アルパヨの子)レビについて、同じような召命の場面を描いている。ここから、マタイとレビが同一人物であるかどうかが長い間議論されてきたが、結局、両者を同一視するための決定的根拠はみいだされていない。また、古代教会史家エウセビオスは、使徒マタイがヘブライ語で福音書を書いたという古い伝承を記しているが、近年では、使徒マタイと福音書記者マタイを区別する説のほうが有力である。しかし、両者がまったく無関係であったともいえず、なお問題が残されている。そのほか、マタイの伝道や殉教をめぐっても、種々の伝承があるが、その根底に潜む史実は依然として不明である。 [土屋 博] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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