The name of a branch of Shiite Islam. The leader of this branch, Mukhtar, chose Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, son of Ali, as his Imam and started a revolt in Kufa in 685. The name of the Kaysanites is said to come from Kaysan Abu Amr, a Mawali leader in Mukhtar's army. This is the beginning of the Shiite idea of Imamism. After the revolt was put down in 687, the Kaysanites split into several branches. One of them claimed that when Muhammad died in 700, he was not dead, but became a "hidden Imam" and would one day rule the earth as the savior. This Mahdi (Messiah) idea became the core of Shiite thought. Another branch claimed that Muhammad's son Abu Hashim succeeded him as Imam. This sect was called the Hashemites, and some of them claimed that the position of Imam had passed to the Abbasid family after the death of Abu Hashim, paving the way for the Abbasid Revolution. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム・シーア派の一分派の名称。この派の指導者ムフタールはアリーの子ムハンマド・イブヌル・ハナフィーヤをイマームに戴いて,685年クーファで乱を起した。カイサーン派の名前はムフタールの軍隊にいたマワーリーの長カイサーン・アブー・アムルによるといわれる。これがシーア派のイマーム思想の始りである。 687年この乱の鎮圧後,カイサーン派はいくつもの分派に分裂した。その一つは 700年にムハンマドが没すると,彼は死んだのではなく「隠れイマーム」になり,いつか救世主として地上を支配すると主張した。このマフディー (救世主) 思想はシーア派の思想の中核となっていった。また別の一派は,ムハンマドの子アブー・ハーシムがイマームの位を継いだと主張した。この派は「ハーシム派」と呼ばれ,その一部は,アブー・ハーシムの死後イマーム位はアッバース家に移ったと主張して,アッバース朝革命に道を開いた。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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