Breton, André

Japanese: ブルトン(英語表記)Breton, André
Breton, André
Born: February 18, 1896 in Tinchebray, Orne
Died September 28, 1966. French poet from Paris. He studied medicine, and while serving in the army during World War I, he became interested in Freud's theories. In 1919, together with Aragon and Soupault, he founded the Dada journal Littérature, and published Les Champs magnétiques (Magnetic Fields), the first work of automatism (automatic writing), co-authored with Soupault. He later left Dada, published the Manifeste du surréalisme (Surrealist Manifesto) in 1924, founded the journal La Révolution surréaliste (Surrealist Revolution), and became the theoretical leader of the movement. In 1928, he published his representative work Nadja, and the following year published the Second Surrealist Manifesto. Around this time, he began to approach communism, but in 1935 he broke away from it. In 1938, while in Mexico, he published Pour un art révolutionnaire indépendent (For an independent revolutionary art) with Trotsky, and in 1941 he went into exile in the United States. After World War II, he returned to Japan and held a Surrealist exhibition. His other works include the poetry collection L'Immaculée Conception (1930, co-authored with Éluard), L'Amour fou (Mad Love) (37), Arcane17 (Arcane 17) (47), the critique Les Vases communicants (The Vessel of Communication) (32), Le Surréalisme et la peinture (Surrealism and Painting) (46), and La Clé des champs (The Key to Opening the Fields) (53).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1896.2.18. オルヌ,タンシュブレー
[没]1966.9.28. パリ
フランスの詩人。医学を学び,第1次世界大戦に従軍中,フロイトの学説に傾倒した。 1919年アラゴン,スーポーとともにダダの機関誌『文学』 Littératureを創刊,スーポーと共著でオートマティスム (自動記述) による最初の作品『磁場』 Les Champs magnétiquesを発表。のちダダを離れ,24年『シュルレアリスム宣言』 Manifeste du surréalismeを発表,機関誌『シュルレアリスト革命』 La Révolution surréalisteを創刊,この運動の理論的指導者となった。 28年代表作『ナジャ』 Nadjaを出版,翌年『シュルレアリスム第2宣言』を発表。その頃から共産主義に接近するが,35年決別。 38年メキシコ滞在中のトロツキーとともに『独立革命芸術のために』 Pour un art révolutionnaire indépendentを発表,41年アメリカに亡命した。第2次世界大戦後帰国してシュルレアリスム展を開催。その他の著作,詩集『処女懐胎』L'Immaculée Conception (1930,エリュアールと共著) ,『狂気の愛』L'Amour fou (37) ,『秘法 17』 Arcane17 (47) ,評論『通底器』 Les Vases communicants (32) ,『シュルレアリスムと絵画』 Le Surréalisme et la peinture (46) ,『野を開く鍵』 La Clé des champs (53) など。

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