…He deposed Morozov and convened a national assembly (Zemski Sobor) to compile a new law code in response to petitions from the nobility and the upper classes of urban residents. The so-called “Sobornoe ulozhenie” (25 chapters, 967 articles) adopted by this assembly in January 1849 was a groundbreaking law in the history of Russian legislation in terms of both quality and quantity. It codified the authority of the emperor, abolished the “tax-free areas” in the cities, and bound the city dwellers to the cities. It also detailed the debt slavery system and completed the legislation to bind the peasants to land by granting an unlimited right to pursue fugitive peasants. … From Moscow, Russia…The Romanov dynasty was established in 1613, and the state was rebuilt under Mikhail Romanov. During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, serfdom was established and the monarchy was absolutized with the 1649 Code of Councils (Ulozhenie), but the country also saw rebellions by townsfolk and Cossacks and the emergence of the Raskolniki (separatists). During the reign of the following Fyodor III, the administration was institutionalized and bureaucratized, and Western culture was introduced. After the regency of Sophia Alexeyevna, the country transitioned to the Russian Empire under Peter I. … *Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Conference Code" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼はモロゾフを退陣させるとともに,士族および都市住民上層の請願にこたえて新法典編纂のために全国会議(ゼムスキー・ソボル)を召集した。49年1月にこの会議で採択されたいわゆる《会議法典Sobornoe ulozhenie》(25章967ヵ条)は,質量ともにロシア立法史上画期的なもので,皇帝の権威を明文化し,都市内の〈免税地〉を廃止するとともに,都市民を都市に緊縛した。また,債務奴隷制度について詳細に規定し,逃亡農民追及権を無期限のものとして農民土地緊縛立法を完成した。… 【モスクワ・ロシア】より…1613年ロマノフ朝が成立し,ミハイル・ロマノフの時代に国家再建が進んだ。アレクセイ・ミハイロビチ帝の時代には,1649年の〈会議法典(ウロジェニエUlozhenie)〉によって農奴制が確立し,君主権が絶対化される一方,都市民やコサックの反乱,ラスコーリニキ(分離派)の発生をみた。続くフョードル3世の代にかけて行政の制度化・官僚化と西方文化の浸透が進み,ソフィア・アレクセーエブナの摂政期を経て,ピョートル1世のもとでロシア帝国に移行した。… ※「会議法典」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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