A perennial plant of the Araceae family (APG classification: Araceae). The corm is about 1 cm in diameter. It has one or two leaves on a long stalk, with one bulbil near the center of the stalk and one at the top. The leaf blade consists of three leaflets, each of which is oblong and 3-12 cm long. From May to August, a 20-40 cm long flower stalk grows from the corm, and the inflorescence unfolds. The spathe is usually green, 5-7 cm long, and the lower part is rolled up to form a tube. The base of the flower axis is 5-8 mm long and is connected to the spathe, where the female flowers grow, and above that, the male flowers grow separately, and then extend outside the spathe as a 6-10 cm long thread-like appendage. It is distributed from Hokkaido to Okinawa, Korea, and China, and is commonly seen as a weed in fields. The name is a reference to the shape of the spathe. P. tripartita (Bl.) Schott resembles Pinellia ternatea, but is larger overall, has deeply divided leaves with three lobes, and does not bear bulbils on the petioles. The berries are pale green and contain one seed, floating on water. They are found in the Chubu region of Honshu and Okinawa, and grow under forests in mountainous areas and in rock crevices along streams. [Hitoshi Murata January 21, 2022] MedicinalIn traditional Chinese medicine, the lump-like part at the bottom of the underground stem is called hange and is used as an antivomiting, diuretic, antitussive and expectorant to treat morning sickness, vomiting, coughing, gastroptosis, gastric atony and wet pleurisy. In particular, using ginger (dried ginger rhizome) together with hange is effective in treating stomach stagnation and vomiting. The period halfway between the summer solstice (June 22nd), when the day is the longest, and the hottest day of the year, Daishō (July 23rd), (July 3rd to 7th) is called Hangesho in Japanese calendar. The unusual and eye-catching shape of the spathe of the tern plant resembles a snake's head, and so it has long been used as a guide for agricultural work. That is to say, the period from Boshu (June 6th), when the spathe can often be seen, to the end of Hangesho (July 7th) was designated the rice planting period. Rice planted after this time is said to not bear a good harvest. For this reason, the tern plant is also known as Shuden (Guardian Field). [Motoo Nagasawa January 21, 2022] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
サトイモ科(APG分類:サトイモ科)の多年草。球茎は径約1センチメートル。葉は1、2枚で長い柄があり、柄の中央付近と上端に各1個のむかごをつける。葉身は3小葉からなり、小葉は長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ3~12センチメートル。5~8月ごろ球茎から長さ20~40センチメートルの花柄を伸ばし、花序を展開する。仏炎包(ぶつえんほう)は通常緑色で長さ5~7センチメートル、下部は巻き込んで筒状となる。花軸の基部5~8ミリメートルは仏炎包と隔合し、ここに雌花群をつけ、その上方で離生して雄花群をつけ、さらに6~10センチメートルの糸状の付属体となって包外に伸びる。北海道から沖縄、朝鮮、中国に分布し、畑の雑草として普通にみられる。名は仏炎包の形を例えたものである。 オオハンゲP. tripartita (Bl.) Schottはカラスビシャクに似るが、全体に大形で、葉身は深く3裂し、葉柄にむかごをつけない。液果は淡緑色で1個の種子を入れ、水に浮く。本州中部地方から沖縄に分布し、山地の林下や沢沿いの岩の割れ目などに生える。 [邑田 仁 2022年1月21日] 薬用漢方では、地下にある茎の最下部の塊状の部分を半夏(はんげ)と称し、止嘔(しおう)、利尿、鎮咳(ちんがい)、去痰(きょたん)剤として、つわり、嘔吐、咳嗽(がいそう)、胃下垂、胃アトニー、湿性肋膜炎(ろくまくえん)の治療に用いる。とくに生姜(しょうきょう)(ショウガの根茎を乾燥したもの)を半夏とともに用いると、胃内停水、嘔吐をよく治す。 昼のもっとも長い夏至(6月22日)と、もっとも暑い大暑(7月23日)の中間(7月3日から7日まで)を歳事では半夏生(はんげしょう)という。カラスビシャクの仏炎包の形は、ヘビの頭部に似ていて異様であり、目につくので、昔から農事の目安とされてきた。すなわち、仏炎包がよくみられる芒種(ぼうしゅ)(6月6日)から半夏生の終日(7月7日)までをイネを植える期間としたわけである。このあとに植えたイネは実りがよくないとされる。このため、カラスビシャクには守田(しゅでん)という別名もある。 [長沢元夫 2022年1月21日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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