This theory was advocated by the Mimamsa, Vedanta and Grammar schools of ancient India. It states that words are eternal, and that the relationship between words and meanings is eternal and unchanging. According to them, the Vedic scriptures were not created by gods or humans. The Vedic scriptures, which have existed since the eternal past, were transmitted to the world as a result of inspiration in the minds of rishis (ṛṣi). All words used in the world are based on the words of the Vedic scriptures. The Grammar school, including Patanjali (c. 250 B.C.), considered the substance of words to be a sphota (flower bud), which is revealed by sound, just like a flower bud opening, and which conveys meaning to us. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
古代インドのミーマーンサー学派,ベーダーンタ学派,文法学派が主張した説。言葉は常住,ないし言葉と意味の結合関係は永遠不変であるとする。彼らによればベーダ聖典は神や人間の創り出したものではない。永遠の過去から存在するベーダ聖典が聖仙(リシṛṣi)たちの頭にひらめいた結果,この世に伝えられているのである。そして,世間で用いられる言葉は,すべてベーダ聖典の言葉をもとにしているのである。 さて,パタンジャリ(前250年ころ)をはじめとする文法学派たちは,言葉の本体としてスポータ(つぼみ)を想定し,これが音声によって,あたかもつぼみが開くように開顕され,それがわれわれに意味を伝達すると考えた。
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