…He also shocked the world by announcing (1897) his theory that the author of the Odyssey, now known as Homer's work, was a woman. However, his forte was literature, especially the creation of novels, and in 1872 he published Erewhon. The title is a nearly reversed version of the word "nowhere," and it is a satirical novel set in Utopia (a Greek word meaning "nowhere"). … From Utopia…The harsh reality of the ideal state was indirectly addressed by J. Swift in the 18th century when he depicted the imaginary societies of the largest and the smallest in Gulliver's Travels (1726). S. Butler's Erewhon (1872) also found a paradoxical dark side in a seemingly ideal society, which resulted in doubting the predictability of the future. From the 19th to the 20th century, a new urban planning movement arose, and the ideal of utopia began to be projected in social planning. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "Erehon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…またホメロス作として現在知られている《オデュッセイア》の作者は女性であったという説を発表(1897)して,世間を驚かせた。しかし,彼の本領は文学,とくに小説の創作であって,72年に《エレホンErewhon》を発表した。表題はnowhere(どこにもない)のつづりをほぼ逆にしたもので,ユートピア(ギリシア語に由来する語〈どこにもない場所〉の意)を舞台にした風刺小説である。… 【ユートピア】より…すでに18世紀にJ.スウィフトが《ガリバー旅行記》(1726)において,極大と極小の架空社会を描いたときに,理想国家の冷厳な現実が間接的にとりあげられていた。S.バトラー《エレホン》(1872)もまた,一見理想的にみえる社会のうちに逆説的な暗黒面を見いだし,結果として未来の予測可能性を疑わしめることになった。 19世紀から20世紀にかけて,新たな都市計画運動が起こり,ユートピアの理想が社会計画のうちに投影されるようになった。… ※「《エレホン》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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