"Foundations of Geometry" - Kikagaku Kisoron

Japanese: 《幾何学基礎論》 - きかがくきそろん
"Foundations of Geometry" - Kikagaku Kisoron

…Generally, geometry is explained as mathematics related to figures, but the subject matter, content, and methods of geometry have changed significantly over time, and its scope has expanded greatly, so that it is not possible to define geometry as including all of these today. However, mathematics that bears the name of geometry is heavily dependent on the intuition of figures or their similarities. Geometry comes from the Greek word geōmetria, which means "to measure land," and jiǔzhé is an interrogative word in Chinese that means a quantitative question, and is a word introduced from China. …

From [Foundations of Geometry]

...The construction of geometry as a purely logical system is called the foundations of geometry. This was fully realized in D. Hilbert's famous book "The Foundations of Geometry" (1899). ...

From [Mathematics]

...Euclid's Stoicheia contained many logical defects and these points had not been made clear. D. Hilbert's Foundations of Geometry (1899) gave a complete set of the axioms of Euclidean geometry, dividing them into five groups, and examined in detail the logical relationships between them. Stoicheia was then reconstructed for the first time as intended, and from the explicitly stated premises it was possible to recreate it as a system constructed by strict logic. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Foundations of Geometry" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一般に,幾何学とは図形に関する数学であると説明されているが,幾何学の対象,内容,方法は時代とともに著しく変遷し,その範囲も非常に拡大され,現在ではこれらをすべて含むように幾何学を定義することはできない。しかしながら,幾何学と名のつく数学では,図形の直観,またはその類似に依存して研究される度合が強い。なお,geometryはギリシア語の〈土地を測る〉を意味するgeōmetriaに由来し,幾何は中国語で量的な問いを意味する疑問詞で,中国からの伝来語である。…

【幾何学基礎論】より

…純粋な論理体系として幾何学を構成することを幾何学基礎論という。これが完全な形で実現されたのはD.ヒルベルトの有名な著書《幾何学の基礎Grundlagen der Geometrie》(1899)においてである。…

【数学】より

…ユークリッドの《ストイケイア》は,論理的に多くの欠陥を含みその点が明らかにされていなかったからである。D.ヒルベルトの《幾何学基礎論》(1899)はユークリッド幾何学の公理を5群にわけて完全に与え,その間の論理的関係を精密に調べた。《ストイケイア》はそこで初めて意図されていたとおりに整備され,明示された前提から,厳密な論理によって構築された体系として再現されるにいたったのである。…

※「《幾何学基礎論》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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