A general term for annual plants of the Polygonaceae family that bear spike-like inflorescences. There are many species. The stems are upright or obliquely ascending and branched. The leaves are alternate, with sheath-like stipules called sheaths at the nodes. Some species, such as Sanae-tade (early-seeded knotweed) and Harutade (spring knotweed), flower in spring, but most bloom from summer to autumn. They bear small flowers in spike-like inflorescences densely at the ends of the branches. The sepals are usually white or pale pink, and lack petals. The fruit is a hard achene, enclosed in a persistent calyx. Willow knotweed, P. hydropiper , is simply called knotweed or Hon-tade, grows near water, has a unique spiciness, and is used as a garnish for sashimi. Inutade (dog knotweed) is most commonly found on roadsides and is commonly known as akanomamma. Young leaves can be boiled and eaten. Polygonum sens . lat. (Polygonum sens. lat.) is sometimes used in the broad sense to include the Polygonum genus and Bistorta genus. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
タデ科の一年草で,穂状の花序をつけるものの総称。多数の種類がある。茎は直立または斜上し,分枝する。葉は互生し,節部に葉鞘と呼ばれる鞘状の托葉がある。サナエタデ (早苗蓼),ハルタデ (春蓼)などは春開花するが多くは夏から秋に咲く。枝先に穂状花序を出した小花を密につける。普通,萼片が白色または淡紅色となり,花弁を欠く。果実は痩果で堅く,宿存萼に包まれる。ヤナギタデ P. hydropiperは単にタデまたはホンタデなどと呼ばれ,水辺に生え特有な辛みがあり,刺身のつまなどに用いられる。イヌタデ (犬蓼)は路傍に最も多くみられ,通常アカノマンマの名で親しまれている。若葉はゆでて食べられる。サクラタデ (桜蓼)は水辺に生え花は最も美しい。オオケタデ Amblygonon orientaleは中国原産で花が大きく美しいので栽培されたが,いまは各地で野生化している。なお,ミチヤナギ属 Polygonumやイブキトラノオ属 Bistortaを含めて広義のタデ属 Polygonum sens. lat.とすることもある。
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