Born: September 12, 1924 in Bafata Died January 20, 1973. Leader of the liberation movement in Conakry, Guinea-Bissau. After attending high school in São Vicente, he studied at the Agronomia Superior Institute in Lisbon. In 1948, he founded the African Studies Center in Lisbon together with Angolans A. Neto and JP Andrade. From 1950 to 1954, he worked as an agricultural engineer in the Portuguese government in Guinea-Bissau, then in Angola on a sugar plantation. In September 1956, he organized the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) and began the liberation movement. In December of the same year, he returned to Angola and founded the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) with his old friend Neto. In the wake of the Piziguiti massacre in August 1959, he began preparations for armed struggle, beginning full-scale armed struggle in December 1962. In March 1965, about 40% of Guinea-Bissau was liberated, in February 1968, about two-thirds, and in the first half of 1972, about three-quarters. Furthermore, under the leadership of the party, he worked hard to reorganize and develop the social and economic areas of the liberated areas. Based on these achievements, Guinea-Bissau declared independence in September 1973, but prior to that, he was assassinated by a Portuguese in neighboring Guinea in January of the same year. A militant intellectual armed with Marxist theory, he wrote many books, including Revolution in Guinea (1970). Cabral |
[生]1924.9.12. バファタ [没]1973.1.20. コナクリ ギニアビサオの解放運動指導者。サンビセンテの高校を経てリスボンのアグロノミア高等学院に学んだ。アンゴラ出身の A.ネト,J.P.アンドラーデらとともに,1948年リスボンにアフリカ研究センターを設立。 50~54年農業技師としてギニアビサオのポルトガル政庁に,次いでアンゴラに渡り砂糖農園に勤務。 56年9月ギニア・カーボベルデ独立アフリカ党 PAIGCを組織し,解放運動に着手。同年 12月再びアンゴラに渡り,旧友ネトとともにアンゴラ解放人民運動 MPLAを創設。 59年8月のピジギティ虐殺事件を契機に武装闘争の準備にかかり,62年 12月より本格的な武装闘争開始。 65年3月にはギニアビサオの約 40%を,68年2月には約3分の2を,72年前半には約4分の3を解放,さらに党の指導のもとで解放区内の社会的,経済的再編と発展に尽力。こうした成果をもとにギニアビサオは 73年9月に独立宣言を行なったが,それに先立つ同年1月隣国ギニアでポルトガル側の人間に暗殺された。マルクス主義によって理論武装した戦闘的知識人で,『ギニアの革命』 Revolution in Guinea (1970) ほか多数の著書がある。 カブラル
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