Hershey, AD (English spelling)

Japanese: Hershey,A.D.(英語表記)HersheyAD
Hershey, AD (English spelling)

...Since the 1940s, virology has developed, and it has become clear that, like organisms with cellular structures, viruses also have various lineages with different genetic characteristics, and that genetic recombination occurs between these. Virus particles consist of proteins and DNA (or RNA), but A.D. Hershey and M. Chase (1952) demonstrated that when a virus invades a bacterium, the proteins are left outside the host cell, and only the DNA enters the host cell. This suggested that DNA is necessary for the proliferation of a virus. ...

From [Genetic Information]

...On the other hand, a series of experiments conducted in the mid-20th century confirmed that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the substance that actually stores genetic information. For example, there was an experiment by O.T. Avery and others in which avirulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were transformed into virulent strains by ingesting DNA purified from virulent strains, and an experiment by A.D. Hershey and M. Chase that demonstrated that Escherichia coli viruses require DNA, not protein, to grow. Once it was confirmed that DNA is the genetic material, the next questions that arose were how information is stored in DNA molecules, how that information is decoded to produce proteins and the higher-order structure and functions of living organisms, and how accurate DNA replication occurs. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Hershey, AD" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…1940年代に入ってからウイルス学が発展し,細胞構造をもつ生物と同様,ウイルスにも遺伝的特性を異にするいろいろの系統があり,これらの間に遺伝子の組換えがおこることもわかってきた。ウイルス粒子はタンパク質とDNA(またはRNA)からなるが,ハーシーA.D.HersheyとチェースM.Chase(1952)はウイルスがバクテリアに侵入する際,タンパク質は宿主細胞の外に置去りにされ,宿主細胞に入るのはDNAだけであることを証明した。これはウイルスの増殖に必要なのはDNAであることを示唆したものである。…

【遺伝情報】より

…一方,遺伝情報を実際に蓄えている物質については,20世紀中ごろにおこなわれた一連の実験により,DNA(デオキシリボ核酸)がその本体であることが確定した。たとえば,肺炎双球菌の無毒株が有毒株から精製したDNAを取り込むことで有毒株になる(形質転換)というO.T.エーブリーらの実験,そして,大腸菌のウイルスが増殖するためには,タンパク質ではなくDNAが必要であることを証明したハーシーA.D.HersheyとチェースM.Chaseの実験などである。 DNAが遺伝物質であることが確定すると,次にDNA分子の中にどのように情報が蓄えられ,その情報が解読されてタンパク質さらには生体の高次構造や機能が作られるのか,さらにDNAの正確な複製はいかにしておこるのかということが問題となった。…

※「Hershey,A.D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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