Collar cells - Collar cells

Japanese: 襟細胞 - えりさいぼう
Collar cells - Collar cells

A type of cell that is unique to marine sponges and lines the walls of the stomach cavity or flagellar chamber, and is responsible for ingesting and digesting. The cell has a single flagellum at the top (free end), and a cylindrical collar develops around the base of the flagellum. The cell group generates a directional water current by flagellar movement, and captures algae and bacteria that enter the body with the surface of the collar and takes them into the cell. Some of the collar cells of some marine sponges have larger amounts of digestive enzymes for proteins and carbohydrates than other cells. In addition to respiration and excretion, the collar cells produce reproductive cells and are involved in the transport of sperm. The morphology of the collar cells is remarkably similar to that of individual members of the colonial protozoa choanoflagellates, and it is believed that marine sponges evolved from flagellates.

[Ryo Katajima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海綿動物に特有で、胃腔(いこう)または鞭毛(べんもう)室の壁に並び、捕食や消化などを行う細胞をいう。細胞の上端(遊離端)には1本の鞭毛があり、鞭毛の基部を囲むようにして円筒状構造の襟が発達する。細胞群は鞭毛運動によって一定方向の水流を生じ、それとともに体内へ入ってきた藻や細菌を襟の表面でとらえて細胞内に取り込む。ある種の海産カイメンの襟細胞には、他の細胞よりもタンパク質や炭水化物などの消化酵素を多量に有するものがある。襟細胞は呼吸や排出の機能があるほかに、生殖細胞を生産し、精子の運搬にも関与する。なお、襟細胞はその形態が、群体を生じる原生動物の襟鞭毛虫類の1個体に著しく類似しているところから、海綿動物は鞭毛虫から進化したと考えられている。

[片島 亮]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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