Emulsion - Emarujyon (English spelling) emulsion

Japanese: エマルジョン - えまるじょん(英語表記)emulsion
Emulsion - Emarujyon (English spelling) emulsion

In colloidal dispersion systems, this refers to a system in which both the dispersion medium and the dispersoids are liquid. It is also called an emulsion or an emulsion. Recently, it is often called emulsion. A familiar example is milk. The viscosity of an emulsion can vary considerably depending on the degree of dispersion and the properties of the dispersed particles, so some emulsions do not even show the properties of a liquid at room temperature. Only those that have fluidity are called emulsions, while emulsions are used as a general term regardless of whether they have fluidity or not.

When water and oil form an emulsion, there are two types: one in which oil droplets are dispersed in water (oil-in-water type) and one in which water droplets are dispersed in oil (water-in-oil type). Examples of the former include milk and mayonnaise sauce, while examples of the latter include butter and margarine. The oil-in-water type is often abbreviated as o/w type, and the water-in-oil type is w/o type. To determine whether an emulsion is w/o or o/w, simply check whether it is diluted with water or oil. If it is diluted with water, it is o/w type, and if it is oil, it is w/o type. Emulsions often change reversibly between o/w type and w/o type depending on the temperature and composition, a phenomenon called "phase inversion." Emulsions are used in printing, paints, spinning, and polymer polymerization, but there are many more familiar examples in food, cosmetics, and other applications.

Surfactants are often used to keep emulsions stable. These are called emulsifiers. In addition to detergents such as soap, natural ones such as soy lecithin, egg yolk, and alginic acid are used in food.

[Yamazaki Akira]

[Reference] | Colloids

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

コロイド分散系のなかで、分散媒も分散質もともに液体であるものをさす。乳濁質あるいは乳濁液ともいう。なお最近ではエマルションということも多い。身近な例としてはミルク(牛乳)がある。分散の度合いや分散粒子の性質などによって、エマルジョンの粘度はかなり大幅に変化するので、常温ではほとんど液体としての性質を示さないものすらある。流動性をもつもののみを乳濁液とよび、乳濁質は流動性の有無によらない総称として区別して用いる。

 水と油からエマルジョンが生じる場合、水の中に油滴が分散したもの(水中油滴型)と、油の中に水滴が分散したもの(油中水滴型)の2種類のものが考えられる。前者の例としてはミルクのほかにマヨネーズソースなど、後者はバターやマーガリンなどがある。水中油滴型はo/w型、油中水滴型はw/o型のように略記することが多い。w/o、o/wの判定には、エマルジョンが水で薄まるか、それとも油で薄まるかをみればよい。水で薄まればo/w型、油ならw/o型である。エマルジョンでは、温度や組成によってo/w型とw/o型が可逆的に変化することがよくあるが、この現象は「転相」という。エマルジョンの利用は、印刷や塗料、紡糸あるいは高分子の重合などにも利用されているが、食品や化粧品その他、身近な例は枚挙にいとまがないほど多い。

 エマルジョンを安定に保持するためには、よく界面活性剤が用いられる。これを乳化剤という。せっけんなどの洗剤のほか、大豆レシチンや卵黄、アルギン酸など天然のものが食品に応用されている。

[山崎 昶]

[参照項目] | コロイド

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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