A general term for non-load-bearing walls that are constructed independently of the building's structural frame and separate the exterior and interior spaces of a building, as well as the construction method for such walls. They are also called curtain walls. As the name suggests, these are walls that cover the exterior of mid- to high-rise buildings. They are made of a variety of materials, including metal plates, glass, blocks, and precast concrete, and are designed to be able to adapt to deformations caused by temperature changes and building swaying, as well as to have fire and wind resistance. Modern architecture underwent a major transformation after World War II, when the masonry construction method using stones and bricks, which had been used since ancient times in Western Europe, was replaced by a framed construction method using columns and beams, as seen in wooden buildings, that supports the load. Walls were freed from the load-bearing function of masonry construction and could be constructed independently of the main structure of the building. Combined with the mass production of industrial products such as steel and glass, and the introduction of reinforced concrete and steel structural technology into architectural expression, curtain walls became one of the representative styles for mid- to high-rise buildings. The architectural expression shown in the Domino System proposed by the French architect Le Corbusier is said to be the basis for the development of curtain walls, as it shows the way to a systemic shift from masonry to framed construction. [Masami Kato] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
建築物の架構構造とは独立に構成され、建築物の外部空間と室内空間とを仕切る非耐力壁、およびその工法の総称。帳壁ともいう。カーテンの呼称どおりに中・高層建築物の外側を覆う形式によって代表される壁面である。材質には金属板、ガラス、ブロック、プレキャストコンクリートなど種々あるが、温度変化や建物の揺れなどによる変形に追随できるような配慮や、耐火・耐風性能をもたせるなどのくふうがなされている。 西欧で古代から行われてきた石やれんがを用いる組積造にかわって、第二次世界大戦後、木造建築にみるような柱や梁(はり)の枠で荷重を支える架構式構法を採用したことにより近代建築は大きく変化した。壁は組積造の荷重支持機能から解放され、建築物の主体構造とは無関係に構成できるようになり、鉄やガラスなど工業製品の量産化、鉄筋コンクリートや鉄骨構造技術の建築表現への導入などと相まって、カーテンウォールは中・高層建築物の代表的様式の一つとなった。フランスの建築家ル・コルビュジエの提唱したドミノ・システムに示された建築的表現は、組積造から架構式構法へのシステム転換への道を示すものとして、カーテンウォールへの発展の基礎となるべきものといわれている。 [加藤正己] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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