...This angle represents the upward or downward movement of the sound. This is called a "hakase," but a score that correctly records the pitch of the sound is called a "hon hakase" or "goon hakase," and a visual diagram of the melody line is called a "meyasu hakase" or "kari hakase." When the straight line of this "hakase" is represented by individual dots at different angles, it is called a "goma dot," and can be seen in kosiki, soga, heikyoku, and noh.... From [Doctor]...Currently, the Goon Hakase are used by various schools of Shingon Shomyo, but because they have inherited almost the exact form of the Hakase that is said to have been written at the end of the Kamakura period or around the Northern and Southern Courts, the reality is that while there is a certain degree of correspondence with the actual chanting, the details of the tradition are hardly visible. Therefore, each school has devised a way to use a practical Hakase called a Kari Hakase or Kashifu in conjunction with the Hakase, but these are all nanmei Hakase. Currently, only nanmei Hakase is used in schools other than Shingon Shomyo... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "provisional doctor" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この角度は音の上向・下向を表す。これを〈博士(はかせ)〉と呼ぶが,音の高低を正しく記した譜を〈本博士〉あるいは〈五音博士〉,旋律線を視覚的に図式化したものを〈目安(めやす)博士〉あるいは〈仮(かり)博士〉などと呼ぶ。この〈博士〉の直線が角度の異なる一つ一つの点で表されたものを〈ゴマ点〉と呼ぶが,これは講式,早歌(そうが),平曲,謡曲に見られる。… 【博士】より…現在五音博士を使用しているのは真言声明の各流派であるが,鎌倉期末ないし南北朝ごろに記譜されたと伝える博士を,ほとんどそのままの形で継承しているため,実際の演唱との間にある程度の対応関係は認められるものの,伝承の詳細はほとんど表示し得ていないのが実態である。そこで,仮博士または仮譜と称する実用的な博士をくふうして併用することが各派ごとに行われているが,それらは,いずれも目安博士である。真言声明以外は,現在目安博士のみを用いている。… ※「仮博士」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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