…The behavior of the elements in iron, such as carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur, was now being investigated, contributing decisively to the advancement of technology. Karsten KJBKarsten's (1782-1853) Outlines of the Metallurgy of Iron (1816) was a guidebook that thoroughly explained the new phenomena of coal-based ironmaking. The progress of material mechanics was no less than that of metallurgy. … From [Steel]…The Swedish Torbern Olof Bergman (1735-84) was the first to show that wrought iron, steel and cast iron contain carbon, with the amount of carbon varying from one to the other. In the 19th century, Bergman's work was continued by Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten (1782-1853) and Wilhelm August Lampadius (1772-1842) of Germany, who showed that carbon absorption occurs in blast furnaces, decarburization occurs in smelting furnaces and carbon absorption occurs in carburizing processes. In addition, there was a succession of studies on alloy steels by M. Faraday, on the transformation points of steel by Dmitrii K. Chernov (1839-1921) of Russia, on the microstructure of steel by Henry Clifton Sorby (1826-1908) of England and Adolf Martens (1850-1914) of Germany, on the transformation of steel by F. Osmon of France, on the role of carbon in steel by J.O. Arnold of England, on the phase diagram of steel by William Roberts Austen (1843-1902) of England and Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom (1854-1907) of the Netherlands, and others, which laid the foundations for today's physical metallurgy of steel, such as the relationship between the hardening of steel and heat treatment, structure, and phase diagrams. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Karsten, KJB" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…今や炭素,ケイ素,マンガン,リン,硫黄など,鉄中の諸元素の挙動が追究され,技術の向上に決定的に寄与するに至った。カルステンK.J.B.Karsten(1782‐1853)の《鉄冶金学綱要》(1816)は石炭製鉄の新現象をあますところなく解明した指導書である。 材料力学の進歩も冶金学のそれに劣らなかった。… 【鋼】より…鍛鉄,鋼,鋳鉄の中には炭素が入っており,それぞれ炭素の量が異なることを明らかにしたのはスウェーデンのベリマンTorbern Olof Bergman(1735‐84)である。19世紀に入るとベリマンの成果はドイツのカルステンKarl Johann Bernhard Karsten(1782‐1853),ランパディウスWilhelm August Lampadius(1772‐1842)らによって引き継がれ,高炉では吸炭が,精錬炉では脱炭が,浸炭法では吸炭が生じることなどが明らかにされた。また合金鋼に関するM.ファラデーの研究,鉄鋼の変態点に関するロシアのチェルノフDmitrii K.Chernov(1839‐1921)の研究,鉄鋼の顕微鏡組織に関するイギリスのソルビーHenry Clifton Sorby(1826‐1908)やドイツのマルテンスAdolf Martens(1850‐1914)の研究,鉄鋼の変態に関するフランスのF.オスモンの研究,鋼中の炭素の役割に関するイギリスのJ.O.アーノルドの研究,鉄鋼の状態図に関するイギリスのオーステンWilliam Roberts Austen(1843‐1902)やオランダのローゼボームHendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom(1854‐1907)らの研究が相次ぎ,鋼の硬化と熱処理,組織,状態図との関係など,今日の鋼の物理冶金学の基礎が築かれた。… ※「Karsten,K.J.B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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