Westwerk - Westwerk

Japanese: ウェストウェルク - うぇすとうぇるく

…Characteristics of this period include the frequent presence of a sanctuary on both the east and west ends, and the complex, independent, multi-storey structure at the west end with a tower. This complex structure at the west end is called the Westwerk, and gave rise to the two-towered facade typical of medieval churches. Examples include the abbey church of Fulda (consecrated in 780), the abbey church of Saint-Riquier (Centulla) (consecrated in 774), known for a 17th-century engraving of its exterior, and the abbey church of Corbai (873-885). …

From [Church Architecture]

…In Western Europe, towers were already built in churches as early as the 5th century, but in the 9th century, large and small towers were built in the center and ends of the transept, and on both sides of the chancel. A multi-story, tall, tower-like west structure (Westwerk) was also built at the west end of the church, which was an extremely important invention that led to the creation of various styles of west facades. In addition, the radial altar, which was devised around the 10th century after many attempts to rationally arrange multiple small altars in response to liturgical needs and the popularity of relic veneration, was also an important invention that brought rich variety to the interior and exterior spaces at the east end of the church. …

From [German Art]

…But the influence of antiquity is more evident in the long basilica than in the centralized plan. The monastery churches of St. Gallen (Switzerland) and Saint-Riquier (France) are typical examples of basilicas from this period, but they have a double sanctuary with an east-west sanctuary, with a vestry on the west side of the nave, and a strong west facade on the west front, making them like a fortress, creating a unique form not seen in ancient basilicas. Charles also had large equestrian statues brought from Ravenna, but at that time large sculptures had not yet been produced in the northern world, and small stone sculptures, ivory reliefs, and metal crafts were the norm. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Westwerk" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…そこに見られるこの時代の特徴は，しばしば東西両端に祭室があること，西端部が塔を伴う複雑な独立した重層構造をなしていることである。この西端部の複雑な造りは西構え(ウェストウェルクWestwerk)とよばれ，中世の教会堂に典型的な二つの塔をもつ正面を生み出すもととなった。フルダ修道院教会(780献堂)，外観を写した17世紀の版画で知られるサン･リキエSaint‐Riquier(ケントゥーラCentulla)の修道院教会(774献堂)，コルバイの修道院教会(873‐885)などはその例である。…

【教会堂建築】より

…西欧ではすでに5世紀から教会堂に塔を造ったらしいが，9世紀にはトランセプトの中央や端部，内陣の両わきなどに大小の塔を建てた。また教会堂西端に多層で高大な塔のような西構（にしがま）え(ウェストウェルクWestwerk)を設けたが，これは各種の形式の西正面を生み出すに至るきわめて重要な発明である。また，典礼上の必要と聖遺物崇拝の流行にともない，多数の小祭壇を合理的に配置するための多くの試みをへて10世紀ごろに案出された放射状祭室も，教会堂東端部の内外空間に豊かな変化を与える重要な発明である。…

【ドイツ美術】より

…しかし古代からの摂取はこの集中式プランの建築よりも，長堂のバシリカ形式がもっと明瞭に示す。ザンクト･ガレン(スイス)やサン･リキエSaint‐Riquier(フランス)の修道院教会は，この時期のバシリカの典型を語る例であるが，身廊の西側にも祭室を設けて東西二重内陣形式とし，西正面に堅牢な〈ウェストウェルクWestwerk〉(西構え)を置いて城塞のようにすることで，早くも古代のバシリカにはみられなかった独自の形態を創造している。カールはまたラベンナから大騎馬彫像をも運び込ませたが，当時はまだ北方世界には大型彫刻は生まれていず，むしろ小型の石彫や象牙浮彫や金属の工芸品が主流であった。…

※「ウェストウェルク」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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