Jinpu - Jinpu

Japanese: 陣夫 - じんぷ

A laborer who transported food and other supplies needed for war. They usually pulled packhorses. They were conscripted from peasants. Under the military system under the Ritsuryo system, soldiers were required to provide their own food and weapons, so there was no particular need for war laborers. In the Middle Ages, the rule was that each samurai conscripted war laborers from his own territory to go into battle. However, in the later period, some Sengoku daimyo imposed war laborers as a duty on the peasants of their domains. In the early modern period, a system was established to mobilize war laborers from peasants according to the rice yield determined by land surveys, and daimyo used this to organize small packing corps to transport food and ammunition.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

戦争に必要な食糧などの物資を運んだ人夫。駄馬を引いて出るのが普通である。農民から徴発された。律令の兵制では食糧･武器は兵士の自弁であったので，とくに陣夫の必要はなかった。中世にはそれぞれの武士が所領から陣夫を徴発して出陣するのが原則であった。しかし後期になると，領国の百姓の役として陣夫を賦課する戦国大名も出現した。近世に入ると検地で定められた石高に応じて百姓から陣夫を動員する制度が創設され，諸大名はこれによって小荷駄隊を編成し，食糧や弾薬を運搬させた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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