Chlorination

Japanese: 塩素化 - えんそか(英語表記)chlorination
Chlorination

This is a reaction that produces a compound containing a chlorine atom. There are reactions in which a chlorine atom is added to an unsaturated bond, and reactions in which another atom or functional group is replaced with a chlorine atom. An example of an addition reaction is the synthesis of 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene with chlorine.

An example of a substitution reaction is the reaction of methane with chlorine to obtain chloromethane. In addition to chlorine, there are various chlorinating agents such as hydrogen chloride, metal chlorides, sulfuryl chloride, and thionyl chloride. Chlorine compounds that are important as industrial raw materials are often produced by chlorinating hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. Compounds with many chlorine atoms are problematic due to their toxicity, and in the future, some chlorination reactions may no longer be performed.

[Rikuhei Tani

[Reference] | Chlorine | Functional groups | Substitution reactions | Addition reactions | Unsaturated bonds

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

塩素原子を含む化合物をつくる反応をいう。不飽和結合に塩素原子を付加させる反応と、他の原子あるいは官能基を塩素原子で置換する反応とがある。付加反応の例としては、エチレンに塩素を作用させて1,2-ジクロロエタンを合成する反応がある。

 置換反応の例としては、メタンに塩素を作用させてクロロメタンを得る反応がある。塩素以外にも、塩化水素、金属の塩化物、塩化スルフリル、塩化チオニルなど種々の塩素化剤がある。工業原料として重要な塩素化合物は、石油から得られる炭化水素を塩素化して製造することが多い。塩素原子を多くもつ化合物は毒性が問題となっており、将来、一部の塩素化反応は行われなくなる可能性がある。

[谷利陸平]

[参照項目] | 塩素 | 官能基 | 置換反応 | 付加反応 | 不飽和結合

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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