Wycliffe English Translation of the Bible - Wycliffe English Translation

… [Tatsuya Moriyasu]
[Modern translations into various languages]
Even in the Middle Ages, literal translations or paraphrases and adaptations of the Latin translation of the Bible, the Vulgate, which was the official translation of the Bible in European churches at the time, were made, mainly for the Psalms and the Gospels, but it was not until the Protestant Reformation that complete translations of the Bible into modern languages ​​began in earnest. However, in Germany, the first complete German translation, the Mentel Bible, was published in 1466, and in England, at the end of the 14th century, a complete translation, the Wycliffite English Bible (around 1385, revised around 1395), was completed by members of the Wycliffe school at the suggestion of Wycliffe, but this English translation did not become widely circulated because it was subjected to severe oppression by church authorities immediately after its completion and because it was before the printing era. While all medieval Bible translations were retranslations of the Latin Bible and were only circulated in limited circles in the form of manuscripts, the first modern Bible translations were those that attempted direct translations from the original Hebrew Old Testament and Greek New Testament, and were widely circulated as printed books, beginning with the Lutheran Translation of the Bible (New Testament 1522, complete translation 1534).

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Wycliffe English Bible" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…【森安 達也】
【近代各国語訳】
　中世においても，当時ヨーロッパ各国教会で公認のラテン語訳聖書《ウルガタ》にもとづき，これを逐語訳ないし意訳･翻案することがおもに《詩篇》や福音書などについて行われていたが，近代各国語による聖書完訳が本格化するのは宗教改革を待たねばならなかった。ただし，ドイツにおいては最初のドイツ語完訳聖書《メンテル聖書》が1466年に出版され，イギリスにおいても14世紀末ウィクリフの提唱のもとに一門の人々が完成した全訳《ウィクリフ派英訳聖書》(1385ころ，改訳1395ころ)が見られるが，その完成後直ちに教会当局の厳しい弾圧を受けたこと，またなお印刷期以前であったため，この英訳聖書は広く流布するに至らなかった。　中世における聖書翻訳がいずれもラテン語訳聖書からの重訳であり，おもに写本の形で限られた範囲内の流布にとどまったのに対して，原典であるヘブライ語旧約聖書，ギリシア語新約聖書からの直接訳を試み，印刷本として広く流布される近代語聖書翻訳は，《ルター訳聖書》(新約1522，完訳1534)を嚆矢とする。…

※「《ウィクリフ派英訳聖書》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報