A newspaper is published by children and students at elementary, junior high and high schools with educational intent and consideration. However, there are many different types, contents and formats of what are called school newspapers, ranging from those published by the students themselves as an independent activity, to those mainly run by teachers to promote the school or to act as a liaison office for students' parents or alumni. School newspapers are most commonly published in the United States and Japan, but they are also published in many other countries, including Germany and Russia. In Japan, it is said that there are some elementary schools that published school newspapers in the late Meiji period, but before the Second World War, school newspaper activities were generally low, and the number of schools that published them was very small. However, after 1945 (Showa 20), as Japan restarted as a democratic nation and freedom of speech and the press was restored, the publication of school newspapers spread nationwide year by year. The main purpose of elementary and junior high school newspapers is to learn writing expression under the guidance of teachers, to increase solidarity among all students, and to learn the function and role of newspapers. There are many types of publication formats, from handwritten wall newspapers and fax versions (light printing) to type printing and DTP using computers. In the past, mimeograph printing was also popular, but since the 1980s, it has become almost unheard of. High school school newspapers are mainly published by newspaper clubs and newspaper committees as an independent activity of students, and their purpose is to build a better school as a student's own speech and press organization. In the United States, nearly 50% of high schools offer journalism courses, and many of them publish school newspapers as part of the curriculum. American school newspapers focus on providing practical instruction in freedom of speech and the press, as well as responsibility. [Masao Takasu and Takashi Ito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
小・中・高校で教育的意図と配慮のもとに、児童・生徒が発行する新聞。しかし、学校新聞とよばれるもののなかには、生徒が自主活動として生徒自身の手で発行するものから、教師が主になってその学校のPRや、生徒の父母あるいは、同窓会の連絡機関として活動するものまで、種類、内容、形態はさまざまである。学校新聞の発行が盛んな国はアメリカと日本であるが、そのほかドイツ、ロシアなどかなり多くの国々でも発行されている。 日本では明治後期に小学校ですでに学校新聞を発行したという例もあるといわれるが、第二次世界大戦前は概して学校新聞活動は低調で、発行した学校の数はきわめて少ない。しかし1945年(昭和20)以降、日本が民主主義国家として再スタートし、言論・報道の自由が回復するとともに、学校新聞の発行は年を追って全国的に広まった。小・中学校の新聞は、教師の指導のもとに、文章表現を学んだり、全校児童・生徒の連帯感を高めること、新聞の機能や役割を学ぶことなどをおもな目的としている。発行形態は、手書きの壁新聞やファックス版(軽印刷)から活字印刷、パソコンによるDTPのものまで種類が多い。以前は謄写版刷りも盛んであったが、1980年代以降、ほとんどみられなくなった。高校の学校新聞は、主として生徒の自主活動として新聞部、新聞委員会などが発行しており、生徒自身の言論・報道機関として、よりよき学園の建設を目的としている。 アメリカでは、5割近くの高校がジャーナリズムの科目を設けており、その授業の一環として学校新聞を発行する場合が多い。アメリカの学校新聞は、言論・報道の自由と責任を実践的に学ぶことに主眼が置かれている。 [高須正郎・伊藤高史] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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