Karaism - Karai is (English spelling) Karaism

Japanese: カライ派 - カライは（英語表記）Karaism

A sect of Judaism. Its origin is the Hebrew word qara (to read, study). It rejects oral traditions and exegesis such as the Talmud, and advocates study based on the Bible. It was founded by Annan in Persia in the 8th century, and systematized by Benjamin in the 9th century. With a background of political turmoil, there was a strong momentum for the expectation of the Messiah, and it is characterized by prophetic expectations, asceticism, and monotheism, and places emphasis on practical aspects. It differs from the Orthodox sect in terms of the calendar, Sabbath, and marriage laws, but borrows some of its doctrines. It was also influenced by reform ideas within Islam. It flourished from the 9th to 12th centuries. It spread along the Mediterranean coast, and occupied an important position in medieval Jewish philosophy.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ユダヤ教の一派。語源はヘブライ語 qara (読む，研究する) 。タルムードなどの口伝や釈義を排し，聖書に即した研究を唱道する。8世紀ペルシアのアナンが創始，9世紀の人ベンヤミンが体系化。政治的動乱を背景にメシヤ待望の機運が濃く，預言者的期待，禁欲主義，一神教を特色とし，実践面を重視する。正統派とは暦法，安息日，婚姻法が異なるが，教義の一部を借入。イスラム内の改革思想からも影響を受ける。9～12世紀に最盛。地中海沿岸に広まり，中世ユダヤ哲学に重要な位置を占める。

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