This refers to infectious diseases designated by the Livestock Infectious Diseases Prevention Law (Law No. 166 of 1951). When raising livestock collectively, the most troublesome thing is that animal diseases will infect humans, and the second most troublesome thing is that animals will infect each other. For this reason, the government has established the Livestock Infectious Diseases Prevention Law to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Currently, 26 types have been designated, and they are called legally designated infectious diseases for livestock. Veterinarians who discover livestock that are infected with a legally designated infectious disease (sick animals) or suspected of being infected with a legally designated infectious disease (suspected sick animals) must promptly report the discovery to the prefectural governor in accordance with the prescribed procedures. Livestock quarantine officers who receive a report of a sick or suspected sick animal may, in accordance with the report, order the owner to prohibit the movement of cattle, horses, pigs, etc. for a certain period of time, to quarantine the animal, or to cull the affected livestock. If necessary, they may also perform an autopsy on the carcasses of these animals to determine the disease and order the culling of suspected sick animals. The carcasses of sick animals diagnosed with or suspected of having a legally designated infectious disease must be incinerated or buried in accordance with the standards of ministerial ordinances, and disposed of in a way that prevents the disease from spreading to others. In addition, under the Livestock Infectious Disease Prevention Law, since 1997, notifiable livestock infectious diseases and similar notifiable infectious diseases (71 types) have been collectively referred to as "notifiable infectious diseases", and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other diseases of unknown nature are classified as "new diseases". Both must be reported by veterinarians if they are discovered to have occurred. On the other hand, animals or their carcasses, bones, meat, eggs, etc. from foreign countries, as well as fur and skins and their containers, are required to be inspected at the time of import and to receive an import quarantine certificate. In Japan, the prevention of domestic infectious diseases and quarantine (animal quarantine) for the importation of sick livestock from foreign countries are given extremely strict attention, so the invasion and spread of legally designated infectious diseases has been almost completely prevented. In addition, some notifiable infectious diseases of livestock can also be transmitted to humans (zoonotic diseases), and some, such as rabies, are completely eradicated through special laws (the Rabies Prevention Act) that require regular injections of a vaccinate. [Motoyoshi Shigekazu] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
家畜伝染病予防法(昭和26年法律第166号)によって定められた伝染病をいう。集団的に家畜飼育を行おうとするとき、もっとも困るのが、動物の病気が人間に感染すること、次に動物相互に感染することである。このため国では家畜伝染病予防法を規定し、伝染病の蔓延(まんえん)を防ぐように配慮している。現在、26種類が定められ、家畜の法定伝染病とよばれている。 家畜で、法定伝染病にかかっている(患畜)か、かかっている疑いのあるもの(疑似患畜)を発見した獣医師は、定められた手続で、すみやかに都道府県知事に届け出なければならない。患畜または疑似患畜発見の通報を受けた家畜防疫員は、届け出に従って、ウシ、ウマ、またはブタなどについて、一定期間の移動を禁止したり、隔離したり、該当する家畜を殺処分するように、所有者に命じることがある。また、必要があれば、これらの動物の死体を剖検し、病性の鑑定をし、疑似患畜をも殺処分させることができる。法定伝染病と診断された、または疑いのある患畜の死体は、省令の基準に従って焼却または埋却し、他へ伝播(でんぱ)しないように処分しなくてはならない。なお、家畜伝染病予防法では、1997年(平成9)より家畜法定伝染病と家畜法定伝染病に準じる届出伝染病(71種類)をまとめて「監視伝染病」とよび、新興・再興感染症等、病性の不明な疾病を「新疾病」として、ともに獣医師が発生を発見した場合には届け出なければならない。 一方、外国からの動物またはその死体、骨、肉、卵など、または皮毛類およびその容器に至るまで、輸入時に検疫を受け、輸入検疫証明書の交付を受けなければならないように定められている。日本では、国内の伝染病の防疫、または外国からの病畜の輸入などにおける検疫(動物検疫)はきわめて厳重に配慮されているため、法定伝染病の侵入、伝播はほぼ防圧されている。 また、家畜の法定伝染病には、人間に感染するもの(人獣共通感染症)があり、狂犬病のように特別の法律(狂犬病予防法)によって、予防液の定期注射を義務づけて、完全防圧を図っているものもある。 [本好茂一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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