It is an Arabic word for citadel. It refers to the citadels of governors and chiefs built in the Middle Ages and early modern times, particularly in North Africa and Spain. They are generally located on small hills or terraces. They are surrounded by walls and contain the ruler's residence and barracks, and many of them have become tourist destinations due to their historical architectural beauty, such as the Oudaia Kasbah in Rabat and the Kasbah in Fez in Morocco. In a broader sense, it can refer not only to citadels, but also to the surrounding urban areas surrounded by walls, that is, the entire walled city. The Kasbahs of Algiers and Tunis are examples of this. During the colonial period after the 19th century, new European-style urban areas were built around walled cities in North Africa. Due to the contrast between the densely populated Arab-style urban areas and the European-style urban areas with wide streets, it is thought that Europeans began to call the entire old walled city, including the Arab-style urban areas, regardless of whether they had castles or not, the kasbah. Arabs call the Arab-style urban area Medina (Arabic for town or city) to distinguish it from the Kasbah. The Kasbah of Algiers is well known, having been the setting for the films Pepermoco and The Battle of Algiers. Almost nothing remains of the citadel or city walls, and the Kasbah is a corner of the slope above the old port where white square houses with courtyards are densely packed together, overlapping each other. It is by no means an underworld, and walking through the maze-like, tunnel-like streets gives you a sense of the warm atmosphere of old Arabia. The view of the blue Mediterranean Sea from the terrace is wonderful. It has deteriorated, so restoration and the installation of water and sewage systems are underway. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アラビア語で城塞(じょうさい)のこと。とくに北アフリカやスペインに残る、中世および近世につくられた太守、首長の城塞をいう。一般に小高い丘陵や段丘上に位置することが多い。城壁に囲まれ支配者の居館や兵営などがあり、その歴史的建築美から、モロッコのラバトにあるウダイヤ・カスバやフェズのカスバのように観光地になっている所が多い。広義には城塞だけでなく、周辺にある城壁に囲まれた市街地、すなわち城郭都市全体をいう場合がある。アルジェやチュニスのカスバはその例である。19世紀以後の植民地時代、北アフリカの諸都市では城郭都市の周辺に新しくヨーロッパ風市街地がつくられた。密集したアラブ風市街地区と広い街路をもつヨーロッパ風市街地区との対照から、城館の有無にかかわらずアラブ風市街地区を含めた旧城郭都市全体を、ヨーロッパ人はカスバとよぶようになったと考えられる。アラブ人はアラブ風市街地区をカスバと区別してメディナMedina(アラビア語で町、市街地の意)とよぶ。 アルジェのカスバは映画『望郷(ペペルモコ)』や『アルジェの戦い』の舞台となり、よく知られている。城塞、城壁はほとんど残存せず、旧港の上方斜面に中庭をもつ白い四角な家屋が重なり合うように密集している一角がカスバである。けっして暗黒街ではなく、トンネルのような迷路状の街路を歩けば古いアラブの温かい雰囲気が感じられる。テラスからの青い地中海の眺望はすばらしい。老朽化が進み、修復と上下水道の整備が行われている。 [藤井宏志] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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