Indonesian music is broadly divided into three major styles: Javanese, Balinese, and Sundanese. Among them, the gamelan of Java and Bali is the representative art music, and there are ensemble forms of various sizes. The music is closely related to other arts such as dance and theater, and is based on the pelog and slendro scales. The other islands each have their own unique folk music traditions. East Asian influences can be seen in Kalimantan, and West Irian (New Guinea) is more of a Melanesia region. Overall, the spread of Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic cultures is directly reflected in music and instruments. Conversely, there are also examples of outward influence, such as the influence on Madagascar (bamboo xylophone). In addition to the large and small gongs used in gamelan, metallophones (copper), and xylophones, there are also angkorons made from bamboo tubes, kendangs (drums), and seulins (bamboo flutes). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インドネシア音楽は,ジャワ,バリ,スンダの三大様式に大別され,なかでもジャワ島,バリ島のガムランが代表的な芸術音楽であり,大小さまざまの規模の合奏形態をもっている。音楽は舞踊,演劇など他の芸術と密接な関係をもち,ペロッグとスレンドロの音階による。他の島では,それぞれが固有の民俗音楽の伝統をもっている。カリマンタン島には東アジアの影響がみられるし,西イリアン (ニューギニア) はむしろメラネシアに含まれる。全体に,ヒンドゥー・仏教・イスラム文化の伝播が,音楽ないし楽器に直接反映されている。逆に,マダガスカルへの影響 (竹琴) のように外へ向った例もある。楽器にはガムランに用いる大小のゴング類,鉄琴類 (銅製) ,木琴類のほかに,竹筒でつくられたアンコロン,クンダン (太鼓) ,スーリーン (竹製の笛) などがある。
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