The Ikuno Incident

Japanese: 生野の変 - いくののへん
The Ikuno Incident

During the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the Sonnō-jōi faction rose up in arms to overthrow the shogunate in Ikuno, Tajima Province (Asago City, Hyogo Prefecture). Rōshi including Hirano Kuniomi from Chikuzen and Mitama Sanpei (Takahashi Yujirō) from Satsuma approached local landowners including Kitagaki Shintaro, a wealthy farmer in Tajima Province, and Nakajima Tarobei, a village headman, to plan an uprising in response to the Tenchū-gumi of Yamato Province, and occupied the magistrate's office on October 12, 1863 (Bunkyū 3). They supported Sawa Nobuyoshi, one of the Seven Lords who fled to Choshu in the "Political Coup of August 18, 1863," and announced a halving of annual taxes for local farmers for three years, gathering together about 2,000 farmers led by village headmen. Sawa, who had also escaped from Choshu, was also followed by Kawakami Yaichi and other Kiheitai soldiers. The admonition to raise an army criticized the political coup of August 18 and said, "We must quickly gather together, accept the cause, offer wise counsel, drive away the wicked rebels, and ensure peace." In response to a report from the magistrate's office, the Izushi and Himeji domains immediately dispatched troops, and neighboring domains also prepared for this. On the 13th, Sawa escaped from the main camp, and internal divisions also occurred. The peasants also defected, and in turn they were attacked, with Mitama, Kawakami and others killed in battle or committing suicide, and Hirano being arrested and imprisoned. The incident ended in three days, but along with the Tenchu-gumi Incident, it is considered to be a precursor to the uprising to overthrow the shogunate. The behavior of the lower-class samurai, rōshi, landlords, wealthy farmers and ordinary peasants during this incident suggests the nature of the Meiji Restoration.

[Akira Tanaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

幕末期、尊攘(そんじょう)派の但馬(たじま)国生野(兵庫県朝来(あさご)市)での倒幕挙兵事件。筑前(ちくぜん)の平野国臣(くにおみ)や薩摩(さつま)の美玉三平(みたまさんぺい)(高橋祐次郎)ら浪士は、但馬国の豪農北垣晋太郎(きたがきしんたろう)や大庄屋(おおじょうや)中島太郎兵衛ら地元の地主層に働きかけて、大和(やまと)の天誅組(てんちゅうぐみ)に応じた挙兵計画をたて、1863年(文久3)10月12日、代官所を占拠した。彼らは、「文久(ぶんきゅう)三年八月十八日の政変」で長州に逃れた七卿(しちきょう)の一人沢宣嘉(さわのぶよし)を担ぎ、地元農民には3か年の年貢半減を布告し、庄屋層に率いられた約2000の農民を結集した。また、長州を脱した沢には河上弥市(やいち)ら奇兵隊士も従った。挙兵の諭告文には、八月十八日の政変を批判し、「早々馳集(はせあつま)リ、大義ヲ承リ叡慮(えいりょ)ヲ奉シ、奸賊(かんぞく)ヲ退ケ、宸襟(しんきん)ヲ可奉安事」と述べている。代官所からの報で出石(いずし)、姫路(ひめじ)両藩はただちに出兵、近傍諸藩もこれに備えた。13日、沢は本陣を脱出、内部分裂もおこった。農民も離反して逆に彼らはその攻撃を受け、美玉、河上らは戦死または自刃し、平野は就縛、投獄された。変は3日間で終わったが、天誅組の変とともに倒幕挙兵の先駆けとされている。この変における下士、浪士と地主、豪農および一般農民層の動向は、明治維新の性格を暗示するところがある。

[田中 彰]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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