Five Regent Houses - Gosekke

The five families that became regents and chancellors in the mainstream of the Northern Fujiwara clan. The five regents. The regents had already been promoted to regent under the Taira clan government, and then Kujo Kanezane was made regent by the Kamakura shogunate. The situation became influenced by external political pressure, and the main line of the Fujiwara clan split into two lines: Motozane's eldest son Motomichi (Konoe), and Kanezane (Kujo). After that, Kanezane's grandson Michiie wielded influence among the court and shogunate, and Norizane (Kujo), Yoshizane (Nijo), and Sanetsune (Ichijo) became regents in succession. The next regent, Konoe Kanetsune, had his heir Motohira still a child, so he petitioned to hand over the regent position to his younger brother Kanehira (Takatsukasa), and the regent and chancellor positions were rotated among these five families. The five regent families were established in October 1252 (Kencho 4), when Kanehira became regent.

[Masanobu Hashimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

藤原北家(ほっけ)の主流で、摂政(せっしょう)、関白となる5家。五つの摂関家の意。摂関家はすでに平氏政権のもとで近衛基通(このえもとみち)が摂政に推され、ついで鎌倉幕府によって九条兼実(くじょうかねざね)が摂政にあげられ、外側の政治的圧力に左右される状況となり、藤原氏の嫡流は基実(もとざね)の長子基通（近衛）と、兼実（九条）の2流に分かれた。その後、兼実の孫道家(みちいえ)は朝幕の間に勢威を振るい、教実(のりざね)（九条）、良実(よしざね)（二条）、実経(さねつね)（一条）と相次いで摂関となった。ついで摂政となった近衛兼経(かねつね)は嗣子(しし)基平(もとひら)が幼少であったので上表して弟兼平(かねひら)（鷹司(たかつかさ)）に摂政を譲り、以後はこれら5家によって摂政・関白は回り持ちとなる。五摂家の確定した時期は、兼平が摂政となった1252年（建長4）10月とされる。

［橋本政宣］

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