A type of information transmission mechanism in cells, it is a passageway for ions. It opens in response to external stimuli and allows ions to pass through, changing the potential of the cell membrane and the metabolic activity of the cell. Ion channels are made of proteins and embedded in the cell membrane, and there are specific ion channels for various ions such as sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, and chloride ions. Ion channels play an important role in information transmission in neurons (nerve cells) and regulating muscle contraction, so research into their mechanisms is actively being conducted. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
細胞に備わった情報伝達機構の一種で,イオンの通り道。外界からの刺激に応じて開き,イオンを通過させて細胞膜の電位や細胞の代謝活動を変化させる働きをになっている。イオンチャンネルは蛋白質でできており,細胞膜に埋込まれているが,ナトリウムイオン,カリウムイオン,カルシウムイオン,塩素イオンなどの各種イオンに対してそれぞれ特異的なイオンチャンネルがある。イオンチャンネルはニューロン (神経細胞) における情報伝達や筋肉収縮の調節などに重要な働きをしていることから,その機構の解明が活発に進められている。
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