The decomposition reaction that occurs when a solute in an aqueous solution reacts with water molecules is called hydrolysis. The decomposition reaction that occurs between a solute and a solvent molecule in any solution, not limited to water, is called solvolysis. In an aqueous solution of a weak acid HA and a salt of a strong base MOH, MA, the A- ions (negative ions) react with some of the water molecules to produce hydroxide ions (equation 1). In the case of an aqueous solution of a strong acid HX and a salt of a weak base BOH, BX, the B + ions (positive ions) react to produce hydrogen ions (equation 2).
[Iwamoto Shinbu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
水溶液中の溶質が水分子と反応しておこす分解反応をいい水解ともいう。水に限らず、溶液中で溶質と溶媒分子とでおこる分解反応は加溶媒分解ソルボリシスsolvolysisという。 弱酸HAと強塩基MOHの塩MAの水溶液ではA-イオン(陰イオン)が、一部水分子と反応して水酸化物イオンを生じ(式1)、また強酸HXと弱塩基BOHの塩BXの場合は、B+イオン(陽イオン)が反応して水素イオンを生ずる(式2)。
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