Cuticle - English

Japanese: クチクラ - くちくら(英語表記)cuticle 英語
Cuticle - English

This refers to the layered structure that covers the outermost cell surface of an organism. It is also called the cuticle. In plants, cutin, a polymer of fatty acids, is distributed in layers to form the cuticle, which prevents water from evaporating. The higher the plant, the more complex the structure. On the other hand, the surface of many invertebrates is covered with a cuticle, also called a glass membrane. In arthropods, the cuticle is particularly well developed, and it not only provides mechanical protection for the surface cells, but also acts as an exoskeleton that supports the animal's body. The cuticle of insects is basically made up of two layers: a thin outer epicuticle and a thick protocuticle that contacts the inner cells. The protocuticle is mainly made up of chitin (a polymer of acetylglucosamine) arranged in a fibrous form, and quinone-hardened proteins (quinone derivatives bind proteins like fasteners) that fill the gap between them, giving it both strength and hardness. The epicuticle contains a lot of substances that are impermeable to water, such as wax, which prevents water from evaporating from the body. In crustaceans, calcium deposits in the protocuticle give it additional rigidity.

[Shigeo Takeuchi]

[Reference] | Kinka
Plant Cuticle
©Shogakukan ">

Plant Cuticle

Insect Cuticle
©Shogakukan ">

Insect Cuticle


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生物体の最外層の細胞表面を覆う層状構造物をさす。角皮ともいう。植物ではクチンとよばれる脂肪酸の重合体が層状に分布してクチクラを形成し、水の蒸散を防ぐ。高等な植物ほど複雑な構造をもつ。一方、多くの無脊椎(むせきつい)動物の体表はガラス膜ともよばれるクチクラにより覆われる。とくに節足動物ではその発達は著しく、単に表層の細胞の機械的保護にとどまらず、動物の身体を支持する外骨格として働いている。昆虫のクチクラは、薄い外側の上クチクラと内側の細胞に接する厚い原クチクラの2層を基本構造としている。原クチクラは主として繊維状に配列するキチン(アセチルグルコサミンの重合体)と、この間を埋めるキノン硬化されたタンパク質(キノンの誘導体が、かすがいのようにタンパク質を結び付けている)からなり、強さと硬さをあわせもつ。上クチクラは、ろうのようなものなど水を通さない物質を多く含み、体内からの水の蒸散を妨げている。甲殻類では原クチクラにカルシウムが沈着していっそうの硬さを与えている。

[竹内重夫]

[参照項目] | クチン化
植物のクチクラ
©Shogakukan">

植物のクチクラ

昆虫のクチクラ
©Shogakukan">

昆虫のクチクラ


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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