Ioru - Ioru

…Many of the mansions and settlements of the Japanese clans were located near the major rivers of the Oshima Peninsula where salmon migrated upstream, but the mountains and fields of the river basins and the seas facing the river mouths were the main production and living areas of the Ainu people, and also the political, social, and geographical space that supported the foundations of Ainu society. The production and living areas of the Ainu people within the river basins, centered on the rivers, and the geographical space that served as the basic territory of a certain group of Ainu people (river communities) formed in the river basins are both called "ior" (see the section on social organization below). The invasion of the Japanese groups, centered on their mansions, into the ior as a place of production and living and into the ior as a territory rapidly destroyed the productive base of the Ainu people. For this reason, the Ainu people fought against the Japanese people, starting with the Battle of Koshamain in 1457 (Choroku 1) and continuing until the middle of the 16th century. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ior" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…和人諸豪族の館や和人集落の多くは，鮭の遡上する渡島（おしま）半島の主要河川の近くに立地していたが，河川流域の山野と河口に面した海はアイヌ民族の主要な生産･生活の場であり，アイヌ社会を基底部で支える政治的･社会的･地理的空間でもあった。河川を軸とした河川流域内のアイヌ民族の生産･生活の場，および河川流域に形成されたアイヌ民族の一定集団(河川共同体)の基本的な領域としての地理的空間をともにイオルと呼ぶが(後述[社会組織]の項参照)，生産･生活の場としてのイオルと領域としてのイオルへの，館を核とした和人集団の侵入は，アイヌ民族の生産基盤を急速に破壊することとなった。そのため，アイヌ民族は，1457年(長禄元)のコシャマインの戦をはじめ以後16世紀半ばまで反和人の戦いをくりひろげた。…

※「イオル」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報