He Shao-ki

A calligrapher from the late Qing Dynasty in China. A native of Daozhou in Hunan. His courtesy name was Zizhen. His pen names were Dongzhou and Jingsou. He was the eldest son of He Linghan, Minister of State for Respect, and all four of his brothers excelled in calligraphy, so they were known as the "Four Great Men of the He Clan." He was a Jinshi in 1837 (the 16th year of the Daoguang era). After serving as a Shojishi, he became an editor, and was a chief examiner for the Fujian Province Township Examination and a Sichuan Education Administrator, but later left the government. He was well versed in the "Shogaku," loved epigraphy, and was renowned as a poet, and painted orchid bamboo and landscapes, but in calligraphy he can be said to be the leading figure of the northern school during the Daoguang era. That is, he first studied under Gan Zhenqing, but later became acquainted with Bao Shichen, the leader of the Beibei (northern stone monuments) movement, and also became a disciple of Ruan Yuan, devoting himself to Beibei and Han stone monuments and opening up his own unique world of calligraphy. His clerical script and running script, which he made full use of a trembling brush, were highly praised, and his works include "Dongzhou Caotang Wenshu" and "Sekido Misai Kyosetsu."

[Hiroshi Kakui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代後期の書家。湖南道州の人。字(あざな)は子貞。号は東洲、猨叟(えんそう)。戸部尚書(こぶしょうしょ)、何淩漢(かりょうかん)の長子で、兄弟4人とも書をよくしたので「何氏四傑」と称された。1837年（道光16）の進士。庶吉士を経て編修となり、福建(ふっけん)省郷試の正考官、四川(しせん)学政となったが、のち官界を去った。彼は『小学』に精通し、金石学を好み、詩人としても名高く、蘭竹(らんちく)、山水を描いたが、書においては道光期における北派の第一人者ということができる。すなわち、初めは顔真卿(がんしんけい)を学んだが、のちに北碑(ほくひ)の首唱者包世臣(ほうせいしん)と交わり、また阮元(げんげん)の弟子となり、北碑や漢碑に傾倒して独自の書境を開いた。戦筆（ふるえる筆）を駆使した隷書、行書は高く評価され、著書に『東洲草堂文鈔(しょう)』『惜道味斎経説(せきどうみさいきょうせつ)』などがある。

［角井　博］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例