Commercial companies and private companies

Japanese: 商事会社･民事会社 - しょうじかいしゃみんじかいしゃ

A trading company is sometimes used to refer to a company engaged in trade or domestic product distribution in contrast to a manufacturing company or service company, but when used in contrast to a civil company, it refers as a legal concept to an incorporated association established for the purpose of conducting commercial activities (Commercial Code, Article 52, Paragraph 1). In other words, a company established by joint business partners to commercially and continuously carry out the activities listed in Commercial Code, Articles 501 and 502, is a trading company, and it also includes companies with manufacturing or service businesses as their objectives.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

商事会社は，製造会社，サービス会社などと対比して貿易や国内の商品流通を業とする企業を指す言葉として使われることがあるが，民事会社と対比して使われるときは，法律上の概念として，商行為の営業を目的として設立された社団法人を指す(商法52条1項)。つまり，商法501条，502条に掲げられている行為を営利的，継続的に行うために共同事業者が設立した会社が商事会社であり，製造業，サービス業などを目的とする会社をも含むものである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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