Autarkie (English spelling) German

Japanese: アウタルキー - あうたるきー(英語表記)Autarkie ドイツ語
Autarkie (English spelling) German

Originally, it meant economic self-sufficiency at the national level. In other words, it meant an economy in which necessary resources such as food and raw materials are secured domestically without relying on imports from abroad, and products are consumed domestically without being exported to foreign countries. However, later, autarky came to refer to the self-sufficient bloc economies formed by advanced capitalist countries, including their colonies and semi-colonies, in order to protect their own economies from the Great Depression of the 1930s, and now it means a policy of economic independence. In today's world economy, which has become very interconnected, it is impossible to run a self-sufficient economy that is completely independent from other countries, but excessive reliance on foreign trade is considered to be too risky in the event that foreign markets are cut off, and so the trend toward relative autarky, which seeks to reduce external dependence as much as possible, is constantly discussed from the perspective of national security.

[Kenji Akiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

本来は、国家レベルにおける経済的自給自足状態を意味する。すなわち、食糧、原料などの必要資源を外国からの輸入に依存せずに国内で確保し、また、生産物も外国へ輸出せず自国内で消費してしまうような経済をいう。しかしアウタルキーは、その後、1930年代の世界恐慌において先進資本主義諸国が恐慌から自国経済を保護するために、それぞれ植民地、半植民地を含めて自給自足的なブロック経済を形成したことをさすようにもなり、現在では経済自立政策を意味するようになってきている。世界経済が非常に緊密化された現在では、外国から全面的に独立した自給自足経済を営むことは不可能であるが、外国貿易に過度に依存することは、万一外国市場が切断された場合リスクが大きすぎるとして、なるべく対外依存を少なくしようとする相対的アウタルキーへの指向が、国家安全保障の観点からつねに議論されている。

[秋山憲治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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