Nobukatsu Oda

Japanese: 織田信雄 - おだ・のぶかつ

Year of death: 30 April 1630 (10 June 1630)
Year of birth: Eiroku 1 (1558)
A military commander in the Azuchi-Momoyama period. The second son of Oda Nobunaga. His mother was from the Ikoma clan. He was born in Kiyosu Castle in Owari Province. His childhood name was Chasen and he was commonly known as Sansuke. His name was originally Tonomotoyo, and later changed to Nobuo. He is also sometimes pronounced "Nobuo." In 1569, when Nobunaga attacked the Ise kokushi family, Kitabatake Tomonori and Tomonofusa, father and son, at Okawachi Castle, a peace treaty was concluded with the promise that Nobuo would be Tomonofusa's adopted son, and he took the name of the Kitabatake clan. After that, he participated in Nobunaga's major battles, such as the suppression of the Echizen Ikko Ikki, the attack on Saika in Kii, and the battle against Ishiyama Honganji Temple. In 1581, he was awarded the three Iga counties for his contribution to the subjugation of Iga, and was in Ise during the Honnoji Incident in the following year, but went as far as Omi Tsuchiyama, where he heard the news of Mitsuhide's defeat and death, and returned his troops. Around that time, he changed his surname from Kitabatake to Oda. As a result of the Kiyosu Conference on June 27 of the same year, it was decided that the head of the Oda clan would not be Nobuo or his third son Nobutaka, but rather that his eldest son Nobutada's surviving son Sanboshi (Hidenobu), and Nobuo, as his guardian, was awarded Kiyosu Castle and 1 million koku of rice in Owari, Iga, and southern Ise. After that, he teamed up with Toyotomi Hideyoshi and defeated Nobutaka at Gifu Castle, forcing him to commit seppuku, but he soon came into conflict with Hideyoshi, and in 1582 he allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu and fought against Hideyoshi in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. However, he made a peace treaty with Hideyoshi alone at this time, and later accompanied Hideyoshi in his attacks on Etchu and Odawara. However, after the Siege of Odawara, he refused to be transferred to Ieyasu's former territory, incurring Hideyoshi's wrath and being exiled to Karasuyama in Shimotsuke, where he became a monk and took the name Jōshin. Later, with Ieyasu's mediation, he became Hideyoshi's go-to-shu, but he consistently worked on Ieyasu's side, and after the Summer Siege of Osaka, Ieyasu granted him 50,000 koku of land in Uda, Yamato Province, and Kanra, Taku, and Usui counties in Kozuke Province. He learned the tea ceremony from his uncle Urakusai (Nagamasu), and was also known as a tea master.

(Tetsuo Owada)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：寛永7.4.30(1630.6.10)
生年：永禄1(1558)
安土桃山時代の武将。織田信長の次男。母は生駒氏。尾張国清洲城に生まれる。幼名は茶筅,通称三介。名ははじめ具豊,のち信雄と改めた。「のぶお」とよむ場合もある。永禄12(1569)年,信長が伊勢国司家である北畠具教・具房父子を大河内城に攻めたとき,信雄を具房の猶子にする約束で講和が結ばれ,北畠氏を称した。以後,越前一向一揆討伐,紀伊雑賀攻め,石山本願寺との戦など,信長の主な戦いに参陣している。天正9(1581)年伊賀平定の功により伊賀3郡を与えられ,翌10年の本能寺の変のときは伊勢にいたが,近江土山まで出て光秀敗死の報を聞き,兵をもどしてしまった。そのころ北畠から織田に復姓している。同年6月27日の清洲会議の結果,織田家の家督は信雄でも,3男信孝でもなく,長男信忠の遺児三法師(秀信)が継ぐことになり,信雄はその後見役として清洲城と尾張・伊賀・南伊勢100万石を与えられた。その後,豊臣秀吉と組んで信孝を岐阜城に破り,その後切腹に追いこんだが,やがて秀吉と対立,天正12年には,徳川家康と結び,小牧・長久手の戦で秀吉と戦っている。しかしこのときは単独で秀吉と講和を結び,以後秀吉の越中攻め,小田原攻めに従軍した。ところが小田原攻めののち,家康旧領への転封を拒んで,秀吉の怒りを買い,下野烏山に配流され,出家して常真と号した。のちに家康のとりなしで秀吉の御咄衆となったが,一貫して家康サイドで動き,大坂夏の陣後,家康から大和国宇陀,上野国甘楽・多胡・碓氷郡のうちで5万石を与えられている。叔父の有楽斎(長益)に茶の湯を学び,茶人としても知られる。

(小和田哲男)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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