zooxanthella

Japanese: zooxanthella
zooxanthella

...The production volume of seaweed and seagrass is 25 to 85 tons per hectare, and it is known that in shallow coastal areas and small bays, more than two-thirds of the primary production is due to seaweed (sea grass), but in general marine areas, the majority of primary production is due to photosynthesis of phytoplankton. In coral reefs, the production volume of zooxanthella (zooxanthellae) that live symbiotically in the fleshy parts of coral worms and microalgae that attach to the surface of dead coral is extremely high, and is known as an example of an abnormally high production volume even in the ocean. The organic matter produced by plants (producers) is eaten by primary consumers, who are herbivores. ...

From [Coral Reef]

…Figure 3 shows the microtopography of the current coral reef. [Nobuyuki Hori]
[Coral Reef Creatures]
The fleshy parts of reef-building corals are inhabited by symbiotic algae called zooxanthella, which play a more important role in primary production in coral reef areas than the meager phytoplankton. In addition to eating zooplankton, many reef-building corals also use the organic matter produced by zooxanthellae through photosynthesis that is dissolved outside their bodies, providing the zooxanthellae with a basis for life.

From [Tri-calyx (Chronicle shell)]

...The mantle that covers the body is well developed and extends outside the shell. Zooxanthella symbiotically lives within the tissue, and the color varies depending on the species of giant clam, from dark blue to brown. Giant clams also eat plankton, but when the brown algae are exposed to sunlight, they assimilate carbon dioxide, which produces oxygen and glucose, which are then provided to the giant clam.

From Octopus Jellyfish

...The cap is brownish in color with scattered white spots, but there are also colorless and indigo-colored individuals. The brown color is not the body color of the jellyfish, but is due to the fact that countless lower algae called Zooxanthella live symbiotically inside the jellyfish's body. This algae enters the jellyfish's body when it is in the polyp stage, which is about 2 mm tall, and enters the stomach cavity through the polyp's mouth, then moves into the tissues and grows as the water temperature rises.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "zooxanthella" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…海藻や海草による生産量は,1ha当り25~85tにもなり,浅い沿岸域や小湾では,基礎生産の3分の2以上がこれら海藻(海草)による場合も知られているが,一般の海域では,基礎生産の大部分は,植物プランクトンの光合成に負っている。サンゴ礁では,サンゴ虫の肉質部に共生するゾーキサンテラzooxanthella(褐虫藻類)や,死んだサンゴ表面に付着した微小藻類による生産量が著しく大きく,海の中でも異常に高い例として知られている。 植物(生産者)によって生産された有機物は,植物食である一次消費者に食べられる。…

【サンゴ礁(珊瑚礁)】より

…図3に現成サンゴ礁の微地形を示す。【堀 信行】
【サンゴ礁の生物】
 造礁サンゴ類の肉質部には,褐虫藻zooxanthellaとよばれる藻類が共生しており,サンゴ礁海域では,貧弱な植物プランクトンよりも,基礎生産において重要な役割を担っている。多くの造礁サンゴ類は,動物プランクトンを食べるほかに,褐虫藻が光合成で造り出した有機物が,体外に溶出したものを利用しており,褐虫藻にはその生活基盤を提供している。…

【シャコガイ(硨磲貝)】より

…体を包む外套(がいとう)はよく発達しており,それを殻の外にのび出している。その組織内に褐虫藻Zooxanthellaが共生していて,濃紺や褐色などシャコガイの種類によっていろいろな色になっている。シャコガイはプランクトンも食べるが,また褐色藻が日光にあたると炭酸同化作用を行い,それでできる酸素とブドウ糖などをシャコに提供する。…

【タコクラゲ】より

…かさの色は茶褐色で,白い斑点が散在しているが,無色のものや,藍色の個体もある。茶褐色の色はクラゲの地色ではなく,ゾーキサンテラZooxanthellaという下等な藻類がクラゲの体内に無数に共生しているためである。この藻類がクラゲの体内に入るのは,高さ2mmくらいのポリプの時代であって,ポリプの口から胃腔内へ入り,その後組織へ移って,水温があがるに従って増殖する。…

※「zooxanthella」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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