It refers to a Western-style bar where bartenders serve cocktails and Western liquor. Originally it meant a pole or crossbar, and there are several theories that it comes from the pole that separated the sake barrels from the customers in American bars, or from the stakes and crossbars that were installed in European taverns to tie up customers' horses, or from the word bower, which means gazebo. The first bar in Japan is thought to have been a drinking establishment for foreigners set up in the Yokohama Hotel, run by a Dutchman and opened in the foreign settlement in Yokohama in 1860 (Man'en 1). In 1863 (Bunkyu 3), a bar was set up inside a club founded by an Englishman, also in Yokohama, where Japanese samurai are said to have visited and drank. The first bars catering exclusively to Japanese people are said to have been Hakodate-ya in Tokyo's Ginza district and Kamiya Bar in Asakusa's Kaminarimon district in the 1870s and 1880s (early Meiji period). The former was a high-class bar with shelves on both sides filled with bottles of high-quality imported liquor, which also served ice water and frozen desserts, and was frequented by geisha from Shimbashi. The latter started out selling liquor by the glass, and later became a popular izakaya-style popular bar selling Denki Brandy, a brandy-based drink, and is still in business in Asakusa today. Before World War II, the heyday of cafes and bars was from the late 1920s to the early 1930s, and after the war, high-end bars increased in number due to the boom in Western liquor and the rise of company workers during the period of high economic growth, while down-to-earth snack bars began to appear all over the country. The enjoyment of a proper bar is said to lie in the taste of whiskey, brandy, liqueur, wine, and various cocktails, as well as the conversations with experienced bartenders and madams, and among regular customers. Special bars include pool bars where you can play billiards, and gay bars with a unique atmosphere. In the 1990s, cafe bars with stylish interiors, wine bars, and dining bars where you can also eat became popular among young men and women. [Moriwaki Itsuo] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
バーテンダーがカクテルや洋酒を供する欧米風の酒場をいう。本来は棒や横木のことで、アメリカの酒場で酒樽(さかだる)と客の間を仕切った棒からきたという説、あるいはヨーロッパの居酒屋で、客の馬をつなぐために設置した杭(くい)と横木から出たという説、さらには四阿(あずまや)の意のバウァーbowerからきたなどの説がある。 日本のバーの始まりは、1860年(万延1)横浜の外国人居留地に開業したオランダ人経営の横浜ホテルに設けられた外国人相手の酒場だと思われる。63年(文久3)にやはり横浜にできたイギリス人創設のクラブの中のバーには、日本人の武士も訪れて飲酒したという。もっぱら日本人を対象としたバーの嚆矢(こうし)は、1870、80年代(明治初期)東京・銀座の函館(はこだて)屋と浅草雷門(かみなりもん)の神谷(かみや)バーとされる。前者は舶来上等の洋酒の瓶で左右の棚を埋めた高級バーで、氷水や氷菓も供し、新橋芸妓(げいぎ)も出入りした。後者は洋酒の一杯売りを手始めに、のちブランデーを原料とする電気ブランで人気をよんだ居酒屋風大衆バーで、現在も浅草で営業を続けている。第二次世界大戦前は1920年代後半から30年代前半がカフェーやバーの全盛期であり、戦後は洋酒ブームや高度経済成長期の社用族の隆盛にのって高級バーが増加するかたわら、庶民的なスナックバーが各地でみられるようになった。 本格派バーの楽しみは、ウイスキーやブランデー、リキュール、ワイン、各種のカクテルの味わいのほか、人生経験豊かなバーテンダーやマダム、あるいは常連客同士の会話にあるとされ、特殊なバーとしては、ビリヤードができるプールバー、独特の雰囲気のあるゲイバーなどがある。1990年代になるとしゃれたインテリアのカフェバー、ワインバー、食事もできるダイニングバーなどが若い男女の間で人気を集めるようになった。 [森脇逸男] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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