A sect of Islamic theology founded by Ash'ari. Along with the Maturidi sect, it is a representative of Sunni theology. Its characteristic is the use of rational speculation (kalam) to justify orthodox beliefs. It is intermediate between the conservative Hanbalites, who reject speculation and rely solely on quotations from the Quran and Hadith, and the Mu'tazilites, who adopt different beliefs from the conservative Hanbalites, based their beliefs on rationalism. For this reason, it was attacked by both. In Syria and Baghdad in particular, the influence of the Hanbalites was strong, and they were sometimes persecuted by Shiite governments that were pro-Mu'tazilite or close to them, so it took a long time for them to be accepted as Sunni theology. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
アシュアリーを祖とするイスラム神学の一派。マートゥリーディー派と並んでスンナ派神学を代表する。その特徴は,理性的思弁(カラーム)によって正統的信条を弁証することにある。もっぱらコーランやハディースの引用に依拠して思弁を排する保守的なハンバル派と,合理主義的立場からそれと異なる信条を採るムータジラ派との中間に位置する。それだけに双方から攻撃を受けた。とくにシリアやバグダードなどでは,ハンバル派の影響が強く,また時には親ムータジラ派的,ないしはそれに接近するシーア派政権によって迫害されたりして,スンナ派神学として現実に受け入れられるまでには長い時間を要した。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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